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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY    14580 

(  716)  872-4503 


Wr 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The( 
to  th 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


El 


D 
D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  peilicuide 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  b.'ue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


L'institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  da  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  ae  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pel!icul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachet6es  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachies 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualitd  in6gaie  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I  I  Pages  damaged/ 

I  I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I  I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r~~]  Pages  detached/ 

I  I  Showthrough/ 

I  I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I  I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I  I  Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuil'et  d'errat^,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmios  A  nouveau  de  fapon  & 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


The! 
possi 
of  th 
filmii 


Origi 
begir 
the  li 
sion, 
othei 
first  I 
sion, 
or  illi 


The  I 
shall 
TINU 
whici 

Maps 

differ 

entire 

begin 

right 

requii 

methi 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


1SX 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Libr-ry 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gintrositi  de: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  re-  orded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  eremplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  film^s  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  joit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commengant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  11  est  filmd  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


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'AN-1LLUSTRATEDWESTERN-A\AGAZINE' 

•CONTENTS- 


I'M*. 

Vk*  Piovinoe  of  British  Oolumblft 6 

'VlotorJat  tt-9  Oaitital  of  British  Oolumbls Q 

MUHklmo,  the  Osntsr  of  the  Ooal  Industry 28 

New  Westminster,  the  Metrojmlis  of  Fraser  BiT«r,  30 
VsiMQaver,  the  Temdmis  of  die  Canadian  Paoiflo,  81 

B^aaaloope,  the  BCetropolis  of  the  Interior 41 

the  TowtA  of  Ashoroft 43 


ILLUSTBATIONS. 


Victoria,  B.  O.— General  View..  1 

BoBineBS  Blocks 7 

LawConrta, 

8t.  Ann's  Oonvent, 

Provincial  UoyalJabilee  Hospital 8 

Besidences, 

Qoverament  Htreet. 11 


PkiM 
Victoria,  B.  O.—' rbe  Arm, 

In  Beacon  Hill  Park, 

Moaio  Statad  in  Beacon  HiU  Park, 

Niagara  Canyon  Falls, 

Ooyemment  Buildings 13, 18 

Water  Front 14 

DnnMrnoir  Oastle 10 

Ssquimalt,  B.  O.— War  Vessels  in  Harbor 14 

Kamloops.  B.  O.— Besidehoes,  ' 

Masonic  Temple 10 

?rov!ncid  Iaw  Courts, 

Victoria  Street,  looking  west 90^ 

New  Weatwinster,  B.  O.— Business  Blocks. 31 

Bee.  of  Mayor  Jno.  Hendry..  33 

Vaaoouver,  B.  O.—Buainess  Blo<  ks 37,  80, 86, 87, 88 

The  Harbor.. 38,30 

Besidences 80,80 

Nanatmo.  B.  O  — Busineen  Blocks .43,  44 

General  View •t**'* 


•PRICE  •  25  •  CENTS  •  S  2.50  A  YEAR- 

L-SAA\UEL-PUBLISHER-P0RTLAND-OREG0N- 

Noa.  171,  178, 176  SOQONP  STillin^.  OOB.  TM>mTT«y« 


Katarad  at  th*  Post  Offiw  is  Pttrttand,  OfMes,  •■  Baxftad  llaM 


I       '    ''MiTlTTifflll 


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I'C/  \il  "f't!  di%. 


k%±2I>'Mb.*V|;1S 


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mmmmam 


T5 


R.  iUISBXW'l,  TICTORIA,  B.  0. 


DO  YOU  W^ANT  TO  KNOW 

ajAj  about 


§1 


XV  so  SUBBOaiBB  FOfk 


THE  WEST  SHORE  MAGAZINE, 

HA-NDSOMELY   ILLTJSTRA.TEE). 


•^•Sar   ELBSAHT  AET  SUPPLEMENT  WITH  EACH  NUB4BEE.  '•*SSSr' 


L.  SABTUEIi.  Publisher. 


Pozi^land.  Oregon.  U.  S.  A. 


M 

'I' 


il 


y^M  --^''ffi-lfePII^'! 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


Fifteenth  Yeau. 


JUNE,  1889. 


NuMIIEli  G. 


THE  PROVINOB  OF  BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 


S 

( 


I      / 


]R1TISII  Columbia  is  one  of  the 
provincee  of  the  Uoininion  of 
Canada,  and  is  destined  to  occu- 
py the  same  position  with  refer- 
ence to  her  sister  provinces  on 
the  Atlantic  slope  that  Oregon, 
Washington  and  California  will 
to  the  states  east  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  Its  great  area,  mild 
and  equable  climate,  and  vast  wealth  of  natural  re- 
sources, more  varied  and  more  valuable  than  those  of 
any  other  portion  of  the  dominion,  will  in  future  years 
render  it  the  richest  and  most  populous  of  all  the 
provir  "es  embraced  in  the  confederation.  These 
thing.,  ^eing  true — and  there  is  no  disputing  the  evi- 
dences which  point  to  them  by  one  who  has  given  the 
question  even  a  superficial  examination  what  an  in- 
vitation she  extends  to  young  men  to  employ  their 
capital,  brain  and  physical  energy  in  building  up  the 
great  empire  which  must  surely  be  developed  on  this 
western  coast!  A  generation  hence,  the  youth  of  the 
land  will  not  have  this  grand  opportunity  now  offered 
their  fathers,  to  begin  life  for  themselves  in  a  new 
country  teeming  with  the  natural  wealth  that  has  lain 
dormant  since  the  foundation  of  the  world.  Through 
years  of  toil  and  privation  the  pioneers  of  this  region 
have  prepared  the  way,  and  the  man  who  now  comes 
to  the  western  slope  will  find  ample  scope  for  his  best 
conceptions  and  his  greatest  eiTorts. 

The  province  embraces  all  that  portion  of  North 
America  lying  north  of  the  United  States  and  west 
of  the  Rocky  mountains,  except  the  Alaskan  penin- 
sula and  the  small  strip  of  Alaska  lying  along  the 
coast  as  far  south  as  latitude  fifty-four  degrees  and 
forty  minutes,  an  empire  seven  hundred  miles  long 
and  five  hundred  wide,  containing  about  three  hun- 
dred and  forty-one  thousand  square  miles  of  territo- 
ry. It  consists  of  two  distinct  divisions,  the  coast  re- 
gion and  the  interior,  each  having  characteristics  pe- 
culiar to  itself.     Tho  former  comprises  the  fringe  of 


small  islands  lying  along  the  coast,  omb/acing  a  large 
area  in  the  riggregate,  and  that  portion  of  the  main 
land  west  of  the  Coast  mountains.  In  this  region  the 
rainfall  is  large  and  the  climate  is  mild,  (-(juablo  and 
inexpressibly  lovely.  The  great  Japan  current,  which 
BO  modifies  the  temperature  even  on  the  far  northern 
shores  of  Alaska,  here  exerts  its  benign  iuthienco  to 
its  fullest,  and  the  result  is  a  climate  where  the  mer- 
cury seldom  falls  below  the  freezing  point  in  winter 
or  rises  above  ninety  degrees  in  summer,  while  tho 
warm  and  gentle  rains  promote  tho  growth  of  vegeta- 
tion. In  the  interior  the  influence  of  this  ocean  river 
is  not  so  great,  and  the  winter  climate  is  somewhat 
more  rigorous,  but  even  there  the  temperature  does 
not  get  so  low,  nor  does  the  winter  season  last  so 
long,  as  in  the  eastern  provinces  of  the  dominion. 
The  snowfall  there  is  not  so  great  as  on  the  Atlantic 
slope  and  the  spring  opens  much  earlier.  In  fact, 
cattle  gra/.e  on  the  open  ranges  all  winter,  subsisting 
on  the  dried  bunch  grass,  which  is  as  nutritious  as 
the  best  cured  hay. 

The  coast  region,  owing  to  its  greater  humidity, 
is  densely  covered  with  timber  of  giant  proportions, 
chief  of  which  »re  tho  Douglas  fir  and  red  oodar. 
Here  is  a  mine  of  natural  wealth  that  will  not  bo  ex- 
hausted for  a  great  many  years.  Lumbering  enter- 
prises aro  carried  on  quite  extensively,  and  have  been 
for  many  years,  but  tho  greater  development  of  this 
business  is  one  of  the  brightest  outlooks  of  the  fu- 
ture. Heretofore  tho  market  has  been  chiefly  a  for- 
eign one,  but  the  development  of  tho  province  is 
steadily  increasing  the  importance  of  the  homo  mar- 
ket. Certainly  British  Columbia  ofTers  unrivaled  in- 
ducements to  the  lumber  manufacturer.  The  interior, 
from  the  Coast  mountains  to  tho  Gold  mountains, 
contains  but  little  timber,  but  on  the  Gold,  Selkirk  and 
Rocky  mountains  there  are  great  ranges  of  splendid 
forests,  which,  owing  to  tho  unsettled  condition  of  the 
region,  are  still  practically  untouched,  though  a  fow 
mills  have  been  nibbling  at  them  for  several  years. 


T^'T-^- 


6 


THE  WEST  HHOBB. 


The  Bgricnitaral  interests  of  the  province  are  des- 
tined to  become  very  extensive,  though  they  are  bat 
slightly  developed,  except  in  a  very  limited  area.  In 
certain  districts  on  Yancouver  island,  along  Fraser 
river  from  its  month  some  distance  into  the  interior, 
and  in  Nicola,  Spallamsbeen,  Okanogan  and  a  few 
other  valleys  in  the  interior,  much  progress  has  been 
made,  and  many  as  fine  ranches  as  one  would  care  to 
see  can  be  found  in  any  of  those  localities.  There 
are,  however,  vast  areas  of  most  excellent  agriculturBl 
land,  where  the  sod  has  never  been  turned  by  the 
plow,  which  will,  in  the  not  distant  futare,  support 
large  farming  commanities  and  send  oat  their  pro- 
ducts to  the  markets  of  the  world.  There  are  also 
many  choice  locations  to  be  had  in  the  districts  where 
sgricnlture  is  already  considerably  advanced.  As  in 
the  better  known  region  to  the  south  of  the  interna- 
tional line,  there  is  mach  fertile  land  which  requires 
irrigation  to  render  it  productive,  but  which  is  very 
fruitful  when  touched  by  the  magic  hand  of  water. 
There  is  also  much  land  which  is  so  situated  that  the 
natural  rainfall  is  sufficient  to  bring  to  perfection 
most  marvelous  crops  of  cereals.  The  slow  develop- 
ment of  the  agrir*altural  industry  has  not  been  caused 
by  any  lack  of  arable  land,  but  more  because  of  the 
absence  of  adequate  facilities  for  reaching  market 
with  the  prodacts  of  the  farm.  By  the  construction 
of  the  Canadian  Pacific  this  drawback  has  been  par- 
tially removed,  and  agriculture  has  largely  increased 
in  the  arable  districts  immediately  tributary  to  that 
line.  Both  the  provincial  and  dominion  governments 
are  pursuing  a  most  liberal  policy  in  the  encourage- 
ment of  railroad  construction,  and  aid  all  enterprises 
of  a  legitimate  character  with  grants  of  land  and  spe- 
cial privileges,  seeking  to  provide  the  province  with 
transportation  lines  as  speedily  as  possible.  Several 
important  enterprises  of  this  nature  are  on  foot,  and 
Borne  of  them  are  in  actual  course  of  construction. 
In  a  very  short  time  railroads  will  penetrate  most  of 
the  leading  agricultural  districts  and  open  the  way  to 
market  for  their  products.  The  land  laws  are  very 
liberal  and  are  framed  for  the  encouragement  of 
home  seekers. 

In  its  mineral  deposits  British  Columbia  finds  one 
of  its  chief  sources  of  wealth,  and  though  mining  is 
not,  nor  ever  has  been,  carried  on  there  on  the  exten- 
sive scale  in  which  it  is  pursued  in  the  cantry  across 
the  international  line,  the  mineral  product  has  been 
very  large  for  the  past  thirty  years.  Placer  mining 
has  been  the  form  this  industry  has  assumed  in  the 
main,  though  considerable  work  has  been  done  on 
quartz  ledges  in  various  localities,  and  always  with 
the  most  encouraging  results.  It  is  well  known  that 
the  rich  ledges  of  gold,  silver  and  copper  ore  that  are 
now  being  worked  in  such  numbers  and  producing 


millions  of  dollars  of  bullion  in  California,  Nevada, 
Idaho,  Oregon,  Washington  and  Montana,  have  their 
counterparts  in  the  region  to  the  north.  It  can  not 
be  supposed  that  nature  was  guided  in  her  geological 
formations  by  any  political  boundary  lines.  That 
she  was  not,  the  rich  ledges  now  being  developed  in 
the  Similkameen,  Kootenay,  Columbia  river,  Nicola, 
Cariboo  and  other  districts  are  ample  evidence.  All 
that  is  needed  is  the  introduction  of  capital  for  the 
development  of  mines  as  rich  and  namerous  as  are  to 
be  found  on  any  other  portion  of  the  Pacific  slope. 
One  reason  why  capital  has  been  slow  to  interest 
itself  in  these  mines  is  the  same  that  has  interfered 
with  the  progresd  of  the  country  generally — the  lack 
of  railroads  by  which  necessary  machinery  and  sup- 
plies could  be  taken  into  the  mining  regions  and  ores 
brought  out.  As  has  been  shown,  this  obstacle  is 
now  being  rapidly  removed.  All  the  indications  point 
to  British  Columbia  as  the  scene  of  great  mining  de- 
velopments during  the  next  decade. 

Another  great  source  of  wealth  is  the  fisheries. 
At  present  the  salmon  industry  receives  the  most  at- 
tention, but  deep  sea  fishing  is  beginning  to  tase  its 
place  among  the  industries  of  the  proviace.  All  the 
streams  of  the  coast  and  If^rger  islands  swarm  with 
salmon  from  early  in  the  spring  till  late  in  the  fall, 
and  on  many  of  them  large  canneries  are  in  opera- 
tion. Fraser  and  Skeena  rivers  are  the  scene  of  the 
greatest  industry,  and  on  those  streams  was  packed 
the  bulk  of  the  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  oases 
pet  up  in  the  province  last  year.  The  waters  of  the 
ocean  adjacent  to  the  coast  swarm  with  halibut,  cod, 
and  a  fish  unknown  in  Atlantic  waters  which  bears 
the  name  of  black  cod,  and  which  is  far  superior  to 
the  true  cod  as  a  market  fish.  It  will  soon  become 
known  in  all  the  markets  of  the  continent,  as  prepara- 
tions are  being  made  to  catch  and  cure  large  quanti- 
ties for  market  this  season.  'The  experimental  efforts 
made  last  season  by  several  skillful  fishermen,  and 
the  most  careful  investigations  of  the  United  States 
vessel,  the  Albatross,  have  determined  the  fact  that 
the  coast  waters  from  Paget  sound  to  Alaska  are  su- 
perior as  fishing  grounds  to  the  famous  ones  of  the 
Atlantic  slope,  over  which  the  governments  of  Canada 
and  the  United  States  are  having  so  maoh  contro- 
versy. The  winters  are  mild  and  ice  does  not  float 
across  the  fishing  grounds  as  off  the  coast  of  New- 
foundland, the  storms  are  less  frequent  and  less  se- 
vere and  the  seasons  are  longer.  These  advantages, 
taken  in  connection  with  the  fact  that  the  fishing 
grounds  are  nearer  ports  for  shipment,  would  seem  to 
indicate  that  the  deep  sea  fishing  industry  on  the  Pa- 
cific coast  of  Canada  will  in  a  few  years  far  exceed 
in  magnitude  that  of  the  Atlantic,  where  so  much 
trouble  now  exists. 


Of 


^^  r- 


tm^-^^^M. 


nia,  Nevada, 
a,  have  their 
It  can  not 
er  geological 
linea.     That 
developed  io 
iver,  Nicola, 
idenoe.     All 
pital  for  the 
oaa  as  are  to 
'acifio  alopp. 
to  interest 
M  interfered 
y— the  lack 
ery  and  sap< 
ona  and  ores 
»  obstacle  is 
cations  point 
t  mining  de- 

:he  fisheries, 
the  most  at- 
g  to  taxe  its 
>oe.     All  the 
swarm  with 
;e  in  the  fall, 
'e  in  opera- 
I  scene  of  the 
I  was  packed 
oasand  cases 
waters  of  the 
halibat,  cod, 
which  bears 
r  superior  to 
soon  become 
:,  as  prepara- 
arge  qaanti- 
lental  efforts 
hermen,  and 
nited  States 
;he  fact  that 
aska  are  sa- 
ones  of  the 
ta  of  Canada 
nch  oontro* 
3es  not  float 
wt  of  New- 
and  less  se- 
advantages, 
the  fishing 
>ald  seem  to 
on  the  Pa- 
far  exceed 
e  so  mach 


1 


li 


ini4^,j.«.u  imm 


•■Ha*fe&«««»'*  '     JPfli-'?'^;' 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


V  I  C  T  O  R  I  ^^. , 


CAPITAL  OF  BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 


(? 


ROMINENT  HmoDg  the 
beantif 111  oitiea  of  the  Ph- 
cifio  coast  ia  Victoria,  tiie 
capital  of  the  provinco  of 
Britiab  Golnmbia.  It  ia 
aitaated  in  the  aontheaBt- 
ern  part  of  Vancouver  ial- 
and,  about  an  irregular  in- 
dentation from  the  Htrait 
of  Juan  de  Fuca  on  the 
Booth.  One  arm  of  the 
harbor,  extending  a  short 
diatanoe  to  the  eaatward, 
ia  known  as  James  bay, 
and  another,  the  North 
arm  or  Portage  inlet,  reaches  inland  a  distance  of  aev- 
eral  miles  in  a  northwesterly  direction,  forming  the 
outlet  for  the  Deadman  river,  and  for  the  GoUinitz, 
which  drains  a  small  lake  to  the  north.  About  these 
arms  of  Victoria  harbor  the  city  ia  built  on  moderate- 
ly undulating  ground,  overlooking  the  broad  strait, 
with  the  anow-oovered  Olympic  mountaina  plainly  in 
view  on  the  main  land  of  Waahington  to  the  south, 
and  the  majestic  peaks  of  the  Cascades  relieving  the 
landscape  to  the  southeast  and  east  From  Victoria 
the  nearest  mainland  is  about  twenty  miles  distant, 
south  to  Port  Angeles.  The  nearest  Canadian  main 
land  is  northeastward  about  sixty  miles  by  the  main 
routes  of  travel.  Vancouver  island  extenda  aouth 
some  forty  miles  farther  than  any  other  portion  of 
the  international  boundary  west  of  the  great  lakes,  so 
Victoria  faces  American  territory  on  the  aouth  and 
also  on  the  east,  but  between  it  and  the  eastern  mai:i- 
land  are  innumerable  islands,  for  which  that  arm  of 
the  ocean  is  noted. 

Approaching  Vict<oria  from  the  south,  a<>  all  travel 
except  from  points  on  the  island  muat,  the  view  pre- 
sented by  the  city  captivates  every  visitor.  It  does 
not  in  any  sense  wear  that  stereotyped  expression 
which  makes  so  many  cities  commonplace  from  the 
very  frequent  duplication  of  styles.  It  has  a  beauty 
that  is  all  its  own.  It  is  unique.  In  the  first  place, 
the  site  is  different  from  those  occupied  by  most  of 
the  prominent  Pacific  coast  cities.  The  town  does 
not  boast  of  rugged  precipices  or  towering  hills  with- 
in its  limits.  Neither  ia  it  by  any  means  a  iiat.  There 
are  moderate  emiuenoes  in  various  portions  of  the 


city,  which  have  been  improved  for  sites  for  archi- 
tectural piles  of  impuaiug  dimnusiona.  Tlieso  are 
prominent  foaturea  of  the  city  aoeu  from  a  diatance. 
The  streets  are  not  laid  off  in  tho  atiff  regularity  of  a 
ohnoker  board.  Tho  main  thorout^hfarna  aro  clearly 
defined  for  long  diatancea,  but  in  all  parts  of  the  town 
are  streets  of  varying  widths,  joining  each  other  at 
every  conceivable^  angle.  They  are  roads,  walks, 
lanes,  places,  streets,  etc.  All  but  the  main  baainess 
streets  are  lined  with  shade  trees,  and  all  are  kept  in 
excellent  condition.  The  long  lines  of  wharves  and 
manufacturing  eatablishmeuta  along  the  water  front 
show  that  the  city  is  not  wanting  in  busiunss  activit'-. 
additional  evidence  of  which  is  furuiahe<l  by  the  busy 
thoroughfares  of  the  town.  A  number  of  bridges 
spanning  the  arras  of  water  extending  into  or  through 
the  city  add  to  its  general  appearance.  The  scene  in 
the  harbor  is  enlivened  by  the  ahipping,  large  and 
amall  craft  of  all  kinds  that  ply  on  the  waters  of  the 
sonnd  or  oovvan  being  found  there. 

Victoria  is  preomiuently  a  city  to  delight  tho  heart 
of  the  tourist.  Almost  the  first  thing  to  attract  his 
attention  after  landing  ia  the  large  number  of  good 
hotels,  there  being  more  than  a  dozen  good  establish- 
ments of  this  kind,  one  or  two  of  which  have  almost 
a  world-wide  reputation  for  the  excellence  of  their  ac- 
commodations. The  various  public  buildings  also 
come  prominently  into  notice.  The  provincial  capi- 
tol  is  located  on  the  south  side  of  James  bay,  which 
is  crossed  by  a  bridge  on  Oovernment  street  leading 
directly  to  the  capitol  square.  The  buildings  are  six 
in  number,  accommodating  the  different  departments 
of  the  provincial  government  —  treasury,  land  and 
works,  printing,  registry,  legislative  hall  and  muse- 
um— the  largest  of  which  is  the  treasury  building,  a 
two-story  brick  strnctare,  occupying  the  most  promi- 
nent position  in  that  locality.  The  grounds  are  taste- 
fully laid  out  and  much  attention  is  given  to  keeping 
them  in  order  so  they  always  present  a  handsome  ap- 
pearance. The  new  court  house  is  a  m>tssivH  build- 
ing just  completed  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $(10,000  00.  The 
city  hall,  city  and  provincial  jails,  public  and  private 
school  and  college  buildings,  hospitals,  a  dozen 
churches,  most  of  which  have  some  special  features 
that  make  them  interesting,  snd  the  large  number  of 
fine  business  blocks  and  private  residences  contribute 
much  to  the  attractive  appearance  of  the  city.     The 


^iM»J^'»  .  .jM,^'^  :.;.>*/:'' 


!  -..QJPH'IMir  •         '^  jfe'iiViwi. 


10 


THE  WEST  SHORE, 


largn  ntoun  roHiileooA  bogan  by  the  late  Robert  Dudb- 
tnuir,  KD(1  now  \mug  completed  at  a  coat  of  nearly 
tti'iO.ll'l^l"".  ia  the  most  prominent  atrnctare  of  its 
clasa  in  the  city,  ami  it  occupiea  an  elevation  in  the 
weateru  part  that  maitea  it  viaible  from  every  (]uarter. 
A  new  pablic  hoHpital  ia  buin((  bnilt  in  the  outakirta 
of  the  town  at  a  coat  of  about  $ri(),(HM).(K).  It  ia  locat- 
ed on  a  tract  of  nineteen  acroa  of  land,  on  which  ia  a 
grove  of  oaka  and  ornamental  treea  that  ia  iinaur- 
paaaed  for  ruatic  beanty.  A  new  Presbyterian  church, 
prepnrationa  for  the  conatrnction  of  which  are  now 
in  progreaa,  will  \m  an  important  addition  to  the  ar- 
chitectural ft'aturea  of  the  city. 

The  moat  caaual  obaerver  in  Victoria  will  notice 
that  the  city  ia  not  one  that  baa  grown  up  in  a  decade. 
It  has  not  been  boomed  into  exiatcnoe  aa  a  property 
Bpeculation  by  the  methods  that  have  obtaineil  in  so 
many  western  citiea,  nor  is  it  a  town  associated  with 
featurea  of  any  great  antiquity.  The  Hndaon'a  liay 
Cooiuuny  eBtabliahed  a  trading  post  at  Victoria  early 
in  the  present  century.  In  1H17  a  fort  was  built  there. 
Five  years  later  the  town  was  platted,  and  in  1H(J'2  it 
was  incorporated.  The  first  vessel  arrived  Irom  En- 
gland in  1S|.").  For  many  yeara  the  Hudson's  Ray 
Company  practically  owned  the  entire  Vancouver 
island,  and  whatever  industrial  operations  were  en- 
gaged in  were  related  in  some  manner  to  the  compa- 
ny's interests.  This  condition  of  etTairs  prevailed  to 
a  considerable  extent  till  about  the  year  IS.jH,  when 
the  Fraser  river  gold  excitement  drew  throngs  of 
miners  to  British  Columbia.  In  a  few  mouths  then 
Victoria  developed  into  a  flourishing  city,  though  but 
few  of  the  twenty-five  or  thirty  thousand  miners  who 
spent  the  winter  in  that  vicinity  remained  as  perma- 
nent residents.  Still  its  real  growth  began  at  that 
time,  and  it  has  had  a  gradual  and  healthy  increase 
since.  The  population  at  the  present  date  numbers 
about  sixteen  thousand.  The  city's  mercantile,  man- 
ufacturing and  shipping  interests  have  been  devel- 
oped by  the  support  which  it  commanded  as  the  cen- 
tral trading  point  of  the  province.  Until  IHOH  Victo- 
ria was  the  capital  of  only  Vancouver  island,  which 
was  a  separate  colony,  still  it  profited  from  the  trade 
of  the  mainland  as  well  as  the  island.  Previous  to 
the  year  above  mentioned,  when  Vancouver  was  made 
a  part  of  British  Columbia,  New  Westminster  was 
the  seat  of  government  of  the  colony  on  the  main 
land,  but  when  the  two  became  united  under  the 
same  provincial  government  Victoria  was  made  the 
general  capital,  which  it  still  is.  From  the  first,  how- 
ever, Victoria  was  the  chief  trading  point  of  the  en- 
tire British  possessions  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains, 
because  it  was  so  acceaaible  by  water,  which  was  the 
great  highway  for  all  commerce.  It  has  been  but  a 
few  years  now  that  a  practicable  overland  route  has 


been  in  op«ration  between  Old  Canada  and  the  prov- 
inces of  th<.  weat  connecting  the  two  oceans.  Until 
about  five  yeara  ago  the  chief  route  for  travel  or  traffic 
waa  by  way  of  San  Frauciaco  or  Portland,  ao  it  was 
no  aroall  advantage  that  Victoria  waa  aituated  com- 
paratively near  theae  great  commercial  oentera  to  the 
aouth.  It  is  the  oldest  city  in  the  province,  and  r\to 
the  commercial  metropolis  and  social  center,  ship- 
ping from  all  parts  of  tha  world  entera  the  harbor, 
making  it  an  important  |)<>rt  of  the  Pacific  aeaboard. 

Victoria  ia  inoreaaing  in  aize  and  importance  from 
the  force  of  ita  own  momentum.  The  larger  it  grows 
the  more  iz-i-'A  is  its  advancement.  This  is  true  be- 
cause it  possesses  the  elements  of  growth  in  and  about 
its  borders.  Though  it  is  in  a  new  country,  and  near  a 
better  developed  section,  the  national  trade  restric- 
tions prevent  competition  from  abroad,  which  ^onld 
retard  local  industrial  progress.  The  development  of 
the  natural  wealth  of  the  province  is  encouraged 
in  every  way  possible.  The  government  built  a  great 
railway  for  it  and  haa  aubaidized  lines  of  ocean  steam- 
ships to  ply  to  countries  on  the  other  side  of  the 
globe,  in  addition  to  the  encouragement  of  home  en- 
terprises.  These  influences  are  now  in  full  operation, 
and  as  a  reault  unusual  activity  is  infused  in  all  lines 
of  business. 

As  Victoria  is  the  largest  and  the  wealthiest  city 
in  the  province,  it  also  does  most  of  the  manufactur- 
ing. It  has  the  largest  iron  works  on  the  Pacific 
coast  outside  of  San  Francisco,  and  several  smaller 
iron  foundries  and  machine  shops.  Large  numbers 
of  stoves  are  manufactured.  Five  boot  and  shoe  fac- 
tories, a  large  lithographing  and  printing  house,  four 
wagon  and  carriage  factories,  two  furniture  factories, 
a  saw  mill,  a  planing  mill,  a  box  factory,  wire  works, 
a  corset  factory,  vinegar  and  pickling  establishment, 
meat  packing  house,  cooperage  works,  a  cigar  box  fac- 
tory, half  a  dozen  cigar  factories,  two  book  binderies, 
two  soap  works,  two  cracker  bakeries  and  an  oat  meal 
mill  constitute  the  other  more  important  manufactur- 
ing establishments  of  the  city,  and  they  tnrn  out  a 
large  volume  of  products.  Two  lumber  yu  ds  are 
maintained  in  the  city,  and  two  or  three  ship  yards. 
On  Eequimalt  harbor,  about  three  miles  from  Victo- 
ria, there  is  one  of  the  largest  saw  mills  on  the  island. 
Two  or  three  other  mills  of  large  sawing  capacity  are 
projected,  one  of  which  will  be  erected  immediate)^. 
The  timber  for  these  mills  is  obtained  near  the  slioj 
to  the  west,  and  also  to  the  north,  and  is  raftp<l  nnd 
towed  by  tug  boats  to  the  mill.  The  principal  varie- 
ty utilized  is  the  fir.  though  considerable  quar  liUf..i 
of  cedar  and  hemlock  are  used,  and  some  oak,  mupV^ 
and  white  pine.  There  ia  a  good  field  for  the  opera- 
tion of  pulp  and  paper  mills,  woolen  mills  and  fioor- 
ing  mills. 


Ik  and  the  prov- 
()  ocoaiia.  Tntil 
r  travel  or  traffio 
trtland,  bo  it  was 
situated  oom- 
al  oeutBrs  to  the 
oTince,  and  rlfo 
1  center.  Hhip- 
iters  tbe  harbor, 
aoific  seaboard, 
importanoe  from 
0  larger  it  grows 
This  is  trae  be- 
wth  in  and  abont 
antry,  and  near  a 
al  trade  reatric- 
>ad,  which  nonld 
e  development  of 
)  is  encouraged 
lent  bailt  a  great 
a  of  ocean  steam- 
ther  side  of  the 
aent  of  home  en- 
iu  full  operation, 
fused  in  all  lines 

le  wealthiest  city 
the  manufactur- 
s  on  the  Pacific 
i  several  smaller 
Lirge  numbers 
oot  and  shoe  fao- 
nting  house,  four 
rniture  factories, 
itory,  wire  works, 
]g  establishment, 
B,  a  cigar  box  fac- 

0  book  binderies, 
9  and  an  oat  meal 
tant  manufactnr- 

they  tvrn  out  a 
amber  yu  ds  are 
three  ship  yards, 
niles  from  Vioto- 
ills  on  the  island. 
;«iuK  capacity  are 
;ted  immediate^;/ 
?d  near  the  shoro 
find  is  raftrl  nnd 
e  principal  vnrie- 
erable  quartiUr.) 
some  oak,  mi^p'-: 
>ld  for  the  opera- 

1  mills  and  fiour- 


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•  THE- GSVPRJiMEl^-Bll '.D1NG3  •  VICT°I^I  A- B-C ' 


iPii  1 1    umi  1 1^1 1 


'"iiJUWpnumi   II    --  'ii  1111111111111  I   I..MIWW 


THE  T?EST  SHORE. 


16 


Nothing  is  more  apparent  to  any  one  who  takes 
pains  to  observe  the  condition  of  basinesB  affairs  in 
Victoria,  (ban  the  fact  that  unasual  preparations  are 
being  made  to  increase  the  city's  interests  in  all  di- 
rections. One  of  the  most  prominent  enterprises  now 
on  foot  is  an  electric  street  railway,  the  rate  payers 
having  a  few  weeks  agG  decided  to  guarantee  the  pay- 
ment of  five  per  cent,  interest  on  bonds  to  be  issued 
by  the  street  railway  company  in  snffioieut  amount  to 
put  the  road  in  operation.  The  work  of  construction 
will  be  begun  at  once,  and  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
line  is  expected  to  be  in  running  order  this  season, 
the  total  length  projected  being  about  fifteen  miles, 
on  the  main  thoroughfares  leading  to  points  of  inter- 
est in  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  A  short  railway  to  ex- 
tend northward  up  the  Saamish  peninsula  is  also  under 
serious  consideration,  with  prospects  of  soon  being 
consummated.  Large  smelting  works  for  the  reduc- 
tion of  iron  and  copper  ores  are  also  in  contempla- 
tion by  capitalists  having  an  interest  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  mines  of  the  island  and  province.  Many 
such  institutions  as  saw  mills,  sash  and  door  factories, 
glass  factorief,  rope  factories,  wood  and  willow  ware, 
drain  and  tile  works,  etc.,  etc.,  are  in  process  of  con- 
struction or  in  contemplation  by  men  of  means.  The 
facilities  Victoria  has  for  obtaining  raw  products  and 
marketing  manufactured  goods,  as  well  as  its  capacity 
for  handling  and  distribating  them,  must  make  the 
city  an  important  manufacturing  center.  The  most 
promising  prospect  now  lying  before  the  town  is  in 
the  line  of  manufacturing,  and  it  is  in  every  way  fit- 
ted to  improve  its  opportunity;  and  it  is  improving  it 
as  operations  on  every  hand  show. 

In  addition  to  the  advantages  which  the  city  offers 
as  a  business  center,  it  commends  itself  particularly 
as  a  desirable  place  of  residence.  All  the  surround- 
ings are  such  as  suit  it  to  be  a  city  of  homes.  In  no 
respect  does  it  resemble  a  frontier  town.  Experi- 
enced travelers  are  surprised  and  charmed  by  the  de- 
lightful influences  with  which  they  find  themselves 
surrounded  in  Victoria  Ito  '^'-tinguishing  features 
are  not  entirely  Ed  .,  lior  are  they  American.  To 
an  Englishman  it  seems  ([uite  like  an  American  city, 
and  to  an  American  quite  British.  It  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  prosperous  ai\d  progressive  eastern  city 
in  many  respects.  It  has  all  the  conveniences,  such 
as  newspapers,  banking,  telegraph  and  telephone  fa- 
cilities, churches,  schools,  fraternal  and  benevolent 
organizations  of  all  kinds,  libraries,  theaters,  clubs 
and  innumerable  other  things  that  make  life  pleasant. 
The  town  is  :  :e  than  usually  well  supplied  with 
newspapers,  there  being  three  daily  journals,  each 
having  a  weekly  edition,  and  a  monthly  periodical  de- 
voted to  the  mines  and  ranges.  These  are  all  credit- 
able to  the  community  in  which  they  are  published. 


The  society  of  the  city  reminds  one  of  that  of  many 
eastern  towns  in  its  freedom  from  crude  and  unpleasant 
features.  The  fact  that  it  is  becoming  a  favorite  res- 
idence place  is  abundantly  shown  by  the  great  num- 
ber of  palatial  dwellings  liring  the  eligible  streets, 
and  the  activity  muuifested  ia  constructing  new  ones. 
The  climate,  too,  is  an  important  consideration  in 
this  connection.  It  is  always  delightfully  mild  there, 
no  snow  to  speak  of  falling  in  the  winter  time  and 
the  summers  being  free  from  drouths  and  hot  periods. 
The  proximity  of  the  ocran  and  the  large  arm  that 
separates  the  island  from  the  main  land,  together 
with  the  prevailing  winds,  insures  an  equable  temper- 
ature; and  the  moisture  is  not  excessive —  a  fact  wor- 
thy of  consideration. 

The  municipal  affiirs  of  Victoria  are  in  a  healthy 
condition.  The  annual  income  is  about  *l70,tX)().00, 
which  is  snfHoient  for  all  current  expenditures  of  the 
city  government.  The  variour  departments  are  eili- 
ciently  and  economically  manured,  and  a  liberal  pol- 
icy is  pursued  with  regard  to  all  enterprises  that  con- 
tribute to  the  welfare  of  the  town.  The  city  water 
works  system  furnishes  water  for  public  and  privato 
uses,  and  gas  and  electric  companies  supply  power 
and  illumination.  The  water  supply  is  obtained  from 
a  lake  in  the  hills  some  distance  from  the  city,  and 
the  natural  pressure  from  the  elevation  of  the  reser- 
voir is  sufficient  to  carry  the  water  to  all  but  the 
higher  levels,  for  which  steam  pressure  is  applied 
a  portion  of  the  time.  The  present  system  cost  about 
12.50,000  00,  and  the  annual  receipts  are  nearly  $4.'),- 
000  00.  Preparations  are  now  being  made  to  in»prove 
the  plant  to  correspond  with  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
city.  The  water  furnished  is  of  excellent  quality. 
There  are  sixty-two  hydrants  for  fire  protection  and 
ten  cisterns  from  which  to  draw  water  for  the  same 
purpose.  Twenty-five  additional  hydrants  wil  be 
erected  this  year.  The  fire  department  consists  of 
twenty-six  paid  men  in  four  companies,  with  complete 
pquipment  for  extinguishing  fires,  the  estimated  total 
value  of  all  property  belonging  to  the  department 
being  $1^5,000.00.  It  is  a  well  disciplined  and  c-flioient 
organization.  The  streets  of  the  city  are  nearly  all 
macadami/i^d  and  have  well-kept  sidewalks.  Nearly 
$5:J,000.00  were  expended  on  them  last  year,  and  im- 
portant improvements  in  the  way  of  paving  the  main 
thoroughfares  and  opening  new  ones  a.e  contemplated 
for  the  near  future.  One  thing  that  strikes  the  vis- 
itor is  the  unusually  exoel'ent  condition  of  the  drives 
about  the  city  and  the  roads  leading  ir'^o  the  country. 
They  are  all  hard  and  smooth  like  the  streets  of  the 
city.  These  roads  are  under  the  supervision  of  the 
government,  and  not  subject  to  the  caprice  of  local 
tax  payers,  or  rate  payers,  as  they  are  termed  there. 
The  soil  of  Vancouver  island  is  such  that  good  roads 


S.ili**S«»E- 


i^^^mm^i 


THB  WEST  SHORE. 


17 


l^'Af: 


mm 


mu 


m.i 


a 

o 


9! 

a 


can  be  maintained  at  a  comparatively  small  expense, 
and  toarists  find  special  enjoyment  in  the  long  drives 
in  the  country  from  Victoria,  and  the  beaatif al  scen- 
ery they  afford. 

The  city  is  amply  provided  with  educational  faoil- 
itieo,  both  public  and  private.  There  are  five  ward 
schools,  besides  the  large  central  high  school,  and  an 
effieient  corps  of  instructors  is  employed.  The  pub- 
lic schools  are  supported  by  the  government  and  con- 
trolled by  a  school  board  elected  by  popular  suffrage. 
Basides  these,  there  are  the  ladien'  college  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Anglican  churcb,  and  an  academic  in- 
stitution, as  well  as  a  primary  school,  maintained  by 
the  Raman  Catholic  denomination.  There  are  Prot- 
estant and  Roman  Catholic  orphanages.  The  city  has 
a  public  library  of  about  ten  thousand  volumes,  and 
several  of  the  fraternal  and  benevolent  societies  also 
have  libraries  of  considerable  size. 

Esquimau  harbor,  about  three  miles  to  the  west- 
ward of  Victoria,  is  the  site  of  a  British  naval  sta- 
tion. It  is  an  excellent  harbor.  One,  two  or  three 
war  vessels  are  stationed  there  constantly,  and  it  is 
general  headquarters  for  Her  Majesty's  navy  in  the 
Pacific.  Facilities  are  provided  for  doing  all  sorts  of 
repairing  for  war  ships.  There  is  a  dry  dock  four 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  and  twenty-seven  feet 
deep,  with  an  entrance  fifty-five  feet  wide,  which  was 
conritructed  at  a  cost  of  about  $1)00,000.00.  The  arse- 
nal contains  large  quantities  of  stores  and  ordnance 
supplies  of  all  descriptions.  A  royal  navy  hospital 
and  cemetery  is  located  there.  A  small  town  is  built 
up  about  the  dry  dock.  There  are  many  fine  resi- 
dences along  the  Esquimalt  road  and  it  is  a  popular 
drive  from  Victoria.  The  »quimalt  district  embrac- 
er (.,. .  settlements  of  Col  wood  to  the  west,  Qoldstream 
to  the  northeast,  and  Aldermere  and  Highland  to  the 
north. 

The  Victoria  district  includes  an  area  of  twenty- 
seven  square  miles,  embracing  the  city  of  Victoria, 
the  Gorge,  Cadboro  bay,  Gordon  head.  Mount  Tolmie 
and  Cedar  hill.  In  the  vicinity  of  Cedar  hill  and 
Cadboro  bay  there  is  a  good  deal  of  fine  farming  land, 
and  fruit  raising  is  engaged  in  quite  extensively,  the 
latter  being  a  comparatively  new  departure  for  the 
agriculturists  of  that  section.  They  are  very  success- 
ful in  their  operations,  however,  and  are  fast  develop- 
ing that  branch  of  industry.  Comparatively  little  at- 
tention has  been  bestowed  on  cultivating  the  soil  of 
the  island,  but  interest  in  that  direction  is  rapidly  in- 
creasing. 

Though  located  on  an  island,  Victoria  does  not 
suffer  from  the  lack  of  outside  communication,  as  that 
fact  might  imply.  If  it  were  not  so  important  a 
place,  or  if  the  island  were  a  small  one,  its  location 
might  not  be  the  most  advantageous.     But  all  roads 


of  that  region,  by  land  or  water,  load  to  Victoria. 
From  that  point  they  radiate  in  all  directions,  to  the 
interior  as  well  as  to  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  earth. 
There  is  one  steamship  line  to  China  and  Japan  and 
another  to  Australia,  both  having  large  government 
subsidies,  which  enable  them  to  perform  first  class 
service.  One  of  the  finest  steamers  on  the  Pacific 
coast  is  run  daily  between  Victoria  and  Vancouver  to 
connect  with  the  Canadian  Pacific  railway,  so  it  is  a 
real  terminal  point  for  that  great  transcontinental 
route,  and  the  trip  between  the  two  cities,  through 
the  numberless  beautiful  little  islands  of  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia,  is  one  of  the  most  picturesiiue  imaginable. 
Daily  boats  ply  to  all  important  Puget  sound  ports, 
both  in  American  and  Canadian  territory,  and  to 
points  northward  on  the  island  and  on  the  main  land. 
Sau  Francisco  and  Alaska  steamers  also  stop  there  on 
their  regular  trips.  Many  of  the  steamers  plying  to 
and  from  Victoria  are  iloating  palaces,  eciuipped  with 
every  modern  convenience,  and  swift  travelers.  The 
only  railway  having  a  track  into  the  city  is  the  Es(iui- 
malt  &  Nanaimo  road,  which  was  completed  only 
about  two  years  ago,  extending  up  the  coast  a  dis- 
tance of  some  seventy  miles  to  the  city  of  Nanaimo, 
or  rather,  to  Wellington,  five  miles  beyond,  where  the 
celebrated  Wellington  coal  is  mined.  Daily  passen- 
ger trains  are  run  on  this  road  and  the  service  is  first 
class  in  every  respect.  The  first  twenty-five  miles 
from  Victoria  the  road  is  built  through  a  rough  coun- 
try, and  an  elevation  of  nearly  a  thousand  feet  is  at- 
tained. There  are  several  high  trestles  and  a  tunnel 
on  this  section,  and  lake,  river,  valley  and  mountain 
furnish  an  attractive  variety  of  soenMy.  A  number 
of  prosperous  settlements  are  on  the  line  of  this  road, 
and  several  charming  resorts  that  are  much  fre([aeni> 
ed  by  tourists  and  sportsmen. 

There  are  a  number  of  features  of  special  scenic 
beauty  in  the  city  of  Victoria  and  its  environs.  Bea- 
con Hill  park  occupies  an  elevation  in  the  eastern 
part  of  town  and  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  its 
attractions.  The  park  itself  is  a  rare  combination  of 
the  beauties  of  nature  and  comforts  of  art,  and  the 
outlook  from  it  is  most  grand.  The  North  arm  is  a 
favorite  locality  for  boating  and  fishing.  Goldstream 
is  one  of  the  most  noted  resorts  near  the  city.  This 
is  a  mountain  stream  of  considerable  size,  and  its 
banks  are  piotnresq'ie  in  the  extreme.  A  hotel  has 
been  erected  at  the  most  central  point  and  various 
other  accommodations  provided  for  pleasure  seekers. 
About  a  mile  from  Goldstream  is  a  recently  discov- 
ered waterfall  that  is  an  object  of  much  interest.  It 
is  a  branch  of  the  Goldstream,  in  what  is  termed  Ni- 
agara canyon,  and  the  water  pours  over  a  rocky  prec- 
ipice more  than  two  hundred  feet  high.  Niagara 
Canyon  falls  is  the  name  given  this  cataract.     It  is 


'ff'f'i'" 


,:MSJKM^! 


l<5^ 


18 


THE  WEST  SHOBE. 


"S'l 


i-wtv 


proposed  to  clear  a  saitable  trail  to  this  place,  so  that 
it  may  be  conveniently  visited  by  all  who  choose  to 
make  the  trip.  The  distance  from  the  city  is  some 
thirteen  miles.  EE(|aimalt  is  also  one  of  the  promi- 
nent resorts  of  that  vicinity,  the  government  works 
and  naval  equipments  adding  to  the  attractions  which 
the  scenery  of  the  harbor  affords.  Large  numbers  of 
people  visit  the  war  vessels  that  lie  at  anchor  in  the 
bay.  The  Esqaimalt  harbor  is  probably  the  best  one 
on  the  shores  of  Vancouver  island,  it  being  a  per- 
fectly land  locked  ref  ugp,  and  naturally  accessible  for 
vessels  of  the  deepest  draught. 

To  persona  not  familiar  with  the  surroundings  of 
Victoria,  a  question  as  to  what  there  is  to  support  its 
growth  naturally  arises.  In  the  first  place  there  is 
no  popular  appreciation  of  the  value  and  extent  of 
the  natural  resources  of  Vancouver  island.  It  is  near- 
ly three  hundred  miles  in  length  northwest  and  south- 
east, and  has  an  area  of  about  twelve  thousand  miles. 
The  coast  is  indented  with  a  vast  number  of  small, 
but  navigable,  inlets;  but  a  large  portion  of  the  inte- 
rior is  mountainous,  and  a  considerable  area  is  still 
unexplored,  or,  at  best,  only  a  general  idea  of  the  sur- 
face characteristics  of  the  country  is  obtained.  In 
some  parts  of  the  island  mountains  rise  to  a  height  of 
nine  thousand  feet  above  the  sea.  In  the  valleys  of 
the  streams  and  near  the  shores  farming  can  be  suc- 
cessfully carried  on,  and  much  of  the  rougher  land 
affords  the  best  of  pasturage.  No  limit  is  known  to 
the  scope  for  industrial  development  on  the  island. 
All  of  that  territory  may  properly  be  considered  as 
tributary  to  Victoria.  Then,  from  the  smaller  islands 
of  the  adjoining  waters  and  from  the  main  land,  much 
business  must  flow  to  the  capital  city.  The  fact  that 
it  is  the  capital  of  the  province  is  an  important  factor 
contributing  to  the  importance  of  Victoria.  The  gov- 
ernment is  administered  from  there,  and  if  no  other 
reason  existed,  that  alone  would  have  a  tendency  to 
draw  business  to  the  city.  The  Victoria  custom  house 
shows  by  far  the  largest  business  of  any  port  in  the 
province.  Last  year  the  arrivals  and  clearances  of 
marine  craft  numbered  over  five  hundred  and  sixty, 
aggregating  more  than  half  a  million  tons  burthen, 
exclusive  of  those  plying  to  the  various  ports  within 
the  province.  The  exports  for  the  year,  as  shown  by 
the  custom  house  records  at  Victoria,  consisted  of 
gold,  coal,  fish,  furs,  hides,  lumber  and  curios,  to  a 
total  value  of  $3,475,'.1()8  00,  and  the  imports  for  the 
game  period  aggregated  $2,9*^2,395  GO.  The  duties 
collected  amounted  to  $873,952  26.  These  figures  in- 
dicate the  large  volume  of  business  which  is  trans- 
acted at  the  Victoria  custom  house. 

The  British  government  regards  Victoria  as  an 


important  point  Not  alone  as  a  growing  city  of 
promising  prospects  does  it  attain  its  fnll  importance. 
The  strategic  point  which  it  occupies  as  a  national 
post  of  observation,  supply  and  defense  entitles  it  to 
the  consideration  it  receives  from  Her  Majesty's  home 
government  Not  only  in  the  event  of  hostilities  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  would  for- 
tifications at  that  point  be  almost  indispensable,  but 
the  war  vessels  of  any  naval  power  might  do  aerious 
harm  to  British  possessions  on  this  coast  if  they  were 
left  unprotected.  The  naval  station  the  British  gov- 
ernment maintains  at  Esquimalt  (virtually  a  part  of 
Victoria)  is  esteemed  of  such  importance  that  steps 
are  being  taken  for  the  erection  of  strong  fortifica- 
tions in  addition  to  the  present  means  of  defense. 
Defenses,  though  not  very  extensive,  are  now  main- 
tained on  the  strait  front  of  the  city.  It  is  expected 
that  the  proposed  government  works  will  greatly  ben- 
efit the  town  in  every  way. 

In  describing  the  capital  city,  a  few  words  about 
the  provincial  government  will  not  prove  uninterest- 
ing to  American  readers.  Until  1858  British  Colum- 
bia and  Vancouver  island  were  governed  by  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company.  In  that  year  both  colonies  were 
given  a  territorial  government,  and  ten  years  later  the 
two  were  consolidated  and  the  capital  established  at 
Victoria.  In  1871  the  province  joined  the  Canadian 
confederation,  one  of  the  considerations  being  that 
the  dominion  government  should  connect  the  two 
oceans  by  a  railway,  which  was  completed  in  188G. 
The  province  now  is  governed  by  a  governor  appoint- 
ed by  the  dominion,  and  cabinet  of  five — premier, 
provincial  secretary,  attorney  general,  commissioner 
of  lands  and  works,  and  commissioner  of  mines — and 
a  legislature  consisting  of  two  houses,  council  and 
assembly,  the  members  of  the  former  being  appoint- 
ed and  of  the  latter  elected  by  popular  suffrage.  Brit- 
ish Columbia  is  represented  in  the  dominion  parlia- 
ment by  three  members  in  the  senate  and  six  in  the 
house  of  commons.  The  provincial  legislature  has 
power  to  levy  direct  taxes  and  borrow  money  for  pro- 
vincial purposes,  the  control  of  public  lands  and  pub- 
lic works  within  the  province,  municipal  institutions, 
public  schools,  hospitals,  prisons,  asylums  and  char- 
iJes,  and  generally  all  matters  of  a  local  or  private 
character.  All  judges  except  those  of  some  of  the  mi- 
nor courts  are  appointed  by  the  dominion  govern- 
ment The  provincial  government  is  efiioiently  ad- 
ministered, and  with  the  increase  of  wedth  and  popu- 
lation its  iufinence  in  the  legislative  bodies  becomes 
greater  through  increased  representation.  The  city 
of  Victoria  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  nine  council- 
men  elected  by  the  people. 


"Vt'ifflifa  ijiiitf 


AimMi^         -if^f-^>^=^^n->is^. 


as  a  growing  city  of 
ain  its  fall  importance. 

ooonpiea  as  a  national 
d  defense  entitles  it  to 
)ra  Her  Majesty's  home 
event  of  hostilities  be- 
nited  States  would  for- 
lost  indispensable,  bat 
ower  might  do  aerioas 

this  coast  if  they  were 
kation  the  British  gov- 
alt  (virtually  a  part  of 

importance  that  steps 
ion  of  strong  fortifioa- 
ent  means  of  defense, 
lensive,  are  now  main- 
le  city.  It  is  expected 
works  will  greatly  ben- 

ty,  a  few  words  about 
not  prove  uninterest- 
il  1858  British  Colum- 
governed  by  the  Hud- 
'ear  both  colonies  were 
and  ten  years  later  the 
capital  established  at 
oe  joined  the  Canadian 
isiderations  being  that 
ould  connect  the  two 
as  completed  in  1886. 
by  a  governor  appoint- 
inet  of  five — premier, 
general,  commissioner 
issioner  of  mines — and 
n  houses,  council  and 
former  being  appuint- 
)opalar  suffrage.  Brit- 
n  the  dominion  parlia- 
3  senate  and  six  in  the 
vincial  legislature  has 
borrow  money  for  pro- 
pablic  lands  and  pub- 
mnnioipal  institutions, 
ins,  asylams  and  char- 
s  of  a  local  or  private 
hose  of  some  of  the  mi- 
the  dominion  govern- 
ment is  efficiently  ad- 
se  of  wedth  and  popa- 
slative  bodies  becomes 
resentation.  The  city 
layor  and  nine  council- 


j:3**At.  ■  i^^.^-m^' ;; .  :;i-mi^f^''i'' 


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THE  WEST  SHORE. 


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OBNTBR  OP  THE  OOAL  INDUSTRY 


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if 


SECOND  largest  city  on 
^  A'anooaver  ialaud  is  Na- 
nbimo,  situated  about 
BeTi<Dty  miles  up  the 
eastern  coast  from  Vic- 
toria, and  in  the  midst 
cl  one  of  the  richest  coal 
regions  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  The  city  has  about 
four  thousand  inhabit- 
ants within  its  limits, 
and  there  are  nearly  as 
many  more  in  tha^  im- 
mediate vicinity.  The 
district  has  a  population  of  more  than  eight  thou- 
sand. 

Nanaimo  was  formerly  only  a  trading  post  of  the 
Hndson'n  Bay  Company.  That  company  pronpected 
for  coal  in  many  localities  on  the  island  before  it 
finally  found  the  rich  carboniferous  strata  that  arc 
now  developed  in  the  coal  mines  around  Nanaimo. 
This  discovery  was  made  in  1854,  and  the  first  shaft 
was  sank  near  the  site  of  the  present  postofHca  build- 
ing. Now  there  are  four  collieries  in  operation,  and 
the  aggregate  output  has  increased  from  year  to  year, 
last  season's  product  being  nearly  hslf  a  million  tons, 
the  bulk  of  which  was  exported. 

The  Niinaimo  colliery  oonsints  of  three  mines,  the 
Esplanade,  or  shaft  No.  1,  being  luunk  in  the  city  near 
the  edge  of  the  bay,  under  which  the  several  levels 
extend  a  lateral  distance  of  about  three-fourths  of  a 
mile.  This  shaft  was  opened  in  188.3.  It  is  the  deep- 
est mine  in  the  district,  six  hundred  and  twenty-six 
feet,  but  there  are  strata  of  good  coal  at  a  much 
greater  depth,  as  has  been  demonstrated  by  boring  a 
prospecting  shaft  over  eleven  hundred  feet  farther 
into  the  bowels  of  the  earth.  The  Southfield,  a  short 
distance  south  of  the  Esplanade,  was  opened  in  1883, 
and  the  No.  '-^  near  it  was  opened  in  1887.  Both  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  and  shaft  No.  4  is  being 
opened.  The  North  Wellington,  also  belonging  to 
this  company,  is  now  in  process  of  development  The 
output  of  the  Nanaimo  colliery  last  year  was  nearly 
two  hundred  and  fifty-nine  thousand  tons.  Th?  Yan- 
coaver  Coal  &  Land  Company,  whiou  <^wus  these 
mines,  holds  the  fee  simple,  mineral  and  surface,  of 
thirty-three  thousand  acres,  a  portion  of  which  is  on  I 


the  adjoining  islands  that  arc  known  to  contain  coal. 
The  Wellington  colliery,  six  miles  west  of  Nanaimo, 
has  been  in  operation  twenty  yearn,  and  it*  coal 
is  well  known  in  every  market  on  the  I'rtcifio  slope. 
These  mines  consist  of  three  pits  now  in  operation, 
and  a  fourth  down  to  coal.  The  East  Wellington  col- 
liery is  three  miles  west  of  Nanaimo.  It  was  opened 
about  six  years  ago,  and  has  two  hhafls  now  being 
worked,  the  coal  being  of  similar  quality  to  that  of 
the  Wellington.  The  Union  Colliery  Company,  com- 
posed of  capitaHsts  interested  in  t^'o  Southern  Pacific 
railway  and  the  Wellington  colliery,  is  laying  out  ex- 
tensive works  in  the  Comox  district,  a  few  miles 
northwest  of  Nanaimo.  Preparations  are  in  progress 
for  building  a  railway  from  the  mines  to  the  harbor 
on  Union  bay,  where  the  largest  ships  may  load  at 
any  stage  of  the  tide  at  the  longest  wharf  in  the  prov- 
ince. The  prospecting  done  by  the  various  compa- 
nies shows  the  existence  of  inexhaustible  supplies  of 
coal,  both  on  Vancouver  island  and  on  the  smaller 
islands  near  it,  particularly  on  Uabriola  island,  di- 
rectly opposite  Nanaimo.  There  are  also  indications 
of  iron  in  some  h,  .ties.  On  Texada  island  are  ex- 
tensive iron  mines  now  in  operation.  It  is  a  very  at- 
tractive field  for  engaging  in  miniug. 

Though  in  the  center  of  a  rich  coal  mining  dis- 
trict, Nanaimo  is  nut  merely  a  mining  town.  A  vis- 
itor might  spend  days  in  the  city  without  discovering 
that  it  bad  extensive  coal  interests,  so  unobtrusive  are 
they.  Yet  when  it  is  known  that  about  two  thousand 
men  are  employed  in  the  mines  of  that  vicinit}',  their 
importance  becomes  apparent.  The  town  of  Welling- 
ton, five  miles  beyond  Nanaimo,  has  a  population  of 
about  s  thousand  and  is  owned  by  the  proprietors  of 
the  mines  there.  The  Eequimalt  k  Nanaimo  railroad 
extends  from  Victoria  through  Nanaimo  to  Welling- 
ton, which  is  its  present  terminus.  This  line  is  pro- 
jected nearly  a  hundred  miles  farther  up  the  coast 

The  city  of  Nanaimo  is  located  on  a  small  bay 
known  as  Nanaimo  harbor,  which  is  entered  by  all 
kinds  of  marine  craft,  the  course  being  so  free  that 
vessels  sometimes  sail  in  unassisted.  Nearly  all  the 
shipments  are  made  by  water,  the  coal  going  to  San 
Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Portland  and  the  Sandwich 
islands,  besides  to  British  Columbia  ports.  A  por- 
tion of  the  harbor  is  now  being  improved  by  rock 
dredging  to  remove  obstacles  that  restrict  the  move- 


W^ 


M^^M*m>ynw>^i„...yy.p^ 


24 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


1 

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. 

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l' 

f»4?*. 

1    <! 

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»,i 

m- 

.'*tl 

ment  of  large  Teateli  new  ih<6  dbelti  w%eB  f&e  ffiSe  ft 
low. 

Tlin  town  nccnpi>8  Au  nnoTon  tract  of  land  rising 
qaito  rapidly  back  from  the  water,  the  altitude  in- 
creasing until  the  summit  of  Mount  Benson,  nearly 
thirty-five  hundred  feet  above  the  sea,  is  reached 
some  ten  or  twelve  miles  to  the  westward.  No  regu- 
lar plat  WHH  made  until  a  consideiable  settlement  had 
grown  up  there,  which  accounts,  in  part,  for  the  ir- 
regular streets,  the  lay  of  the  land  also  conducing  to 
the  present  arrangement.  A  view  of  the  harbor  may 
be  obtained  from  almost  any  point  in  the  city.  The 
north  and  south  endd  of  the  town  are  higher  than  the 
middle,  where  the  main  business  houses  are  situated, 
and  the  residence  portion  occupies  the  higher  ground. 
During  the  past  year  a  Inrge  amount  of  building  baa 
been  done,  and  the  outskirts  of  the  city  are  rapidly 
being  built  up  with  neat  and  comfortable  cottages, 
that  Bpeak  in  no  uncertain  way  >)f  the  prosperity  that 
is  enjoyed  by  the  people.  Even  greater  improve- 
ments are  in  prospect  for  this  year.  The  business 
interests  are  experiencing  a  decided  growth,  and  an 
air  of  thrift  and  comfort  pprvtides  eVery  part  of  the 
city.  More  rapid  advancement  is  now  being  made 
than  ever  before. 

Among  the  recent  important  improvements  that 
Nanaimo  enjoys  are  a  water  works  system  and  a  tele- 
phone exchange.  The  water  supply  comes  from 
Chase  river,  three  miles  west  of  the  city,  where  a  res- 
ervoir has  been  made  by  damming  the  stream  at  a 
point  three  hundred  feet  above  the  town,  thus  secur- 
ing ample  pressure  for  all  purposes  without  the  use 
of  steam  pumps.  The  Chase  river  Hows  from  the 
watershed  of  Mount  Benson,  and  the  water  is  of  ex- 
cellent quality,  but  the  supply,  though  ample  for 
present  uses,  will  not  be  sufficient  two  or  three  years 
hence  at  the  present  rate  of  increase  of  consumption 
in  the  city,  and  steps  are  now  being  taken  to  secure 
connections  with  the  Nanaimo  river  to  insure  ade- 
quate service  for  the  future.  For  fire  protection 
there  are  twenty  hydrants  for  public  use,  and  several 
of  the  manufacturing  establishments  have  hydrants 
for  their  own  convenience  and  security.  This  water 
plant  has  been  in  use  only  a  year,  but  it  is  one  of  the 
most  important  improvements  that  has  been  made. 
The  telephone  exchange  has  been  in  operation  but  a 
few"^  jponths.  Connections  are  established  with  De- 
parture bay,  three  and  a  half  miles  to  the  north,  and 
with  Wellington  and  East  Wellington  collieries  to 
the  west,  bt sides  having  a  good  local  service  that  is 
steadily  expaL-^ing. 

Of  course,  having  the  best  gas  producing  coal  of 
the  Pacific  coast  mined  within  its  limits,  the  city  is 
lighted  with  gas.  The  town  has  two  banks,  the  Bank 
of  British  Columbia  and  the  Dominion  Savings  Bank, 


heth  of  wbieh  do  bntfness  in  all  the  important  eitlet 
of  the  province.  The  Fin-  Prcsn  is  a  daily  and  semi- 
weekly  newspaper  that  has  grown  up  with  the  town 
and  is  Hourishing  with  it  The  daily  and  weekly  Cou- 
rier is  a  new  publication.  The  churches  of  the  town 
are  Methodist,  Episcopal,  Uoman  Catholic  and  Pres- 
byteriaii,  the  first  named  congregation  having  a  fine 
edifice  to  cost  about  110,000  00  now  in  course  of  erec- 
tion. The  public  schools  employ  seven  teachers,  and 
there  is  also  an  academy  for  young  ladies  under  Ro- 
man Catholic  management,  and  a  kindergarten  school. 
There  are  more  than  twenty  fraternal,  benevolent  and 
social  organizitions  in  the  city. 

The  manufacturing  establishments  of  the  city  in- 
clude the  large  car  shops  and  foundry  and  machine 
shops  of  the  Vancouver  Coal  Company,  which  ope- 
rates a  railroad  from  its  mines  to  its  docks,  one  or  two 
smaller  machine  shops,  a  wagon  and  carriage  factory, 
a  saw  mill,  three  breweries,  and  several  smaller  shops 
in  which  more  or  less  manufacturing  is  done.  A 
large  tannery  and  boot  and  shoe  factory  will  soon  be 
constructed.  A  lumber  yard  is  maintained  in  Nanai- 
mo, and  considerable  is  done  in  the  way  of  boat  build- 
ing. The  city  is  already  past  the  period  when  its 
business  is  confined  to  the  production  of  coal,  and  en- 
tering upon  a  manufacturing  era,  for  which  it  is  so 
well  suited. 

The  agricultural  and  timber  resources  of  the  coun- 
try tributary  to  Nanaimo  should  not  go  unnoticed. 
There  are  heavy  forests  of  fir,  cedar,  hemlock,  pine 
and  maple  close  at  hand,  which  should  be  more  fully 
utilized.  The  opportunities  for  the  manufacture  of 
all  classes  of  lumber  and  of  furniture  are  particular- 
ly promising.  The  markets  of  the  world  lie  before 
the  manufacturers  of  Nanaimo,  because  the  products 
can  be  turned  out  so  cheaply.  There  is  a  good  deal 
of  farming  and  grazing  land  along  the  shore  and  hill- 
sides on  both  sides  of  the  city.  In  the  valley  of  the 
Nanaimo  river  there  is  a  fine  opening  for  farmers. 
The  land  that  is  too  rough  for  cultivation  will  sup- 
port many  thonsanus  of  ci  ttle  and  sheep,  and  that 
business  is  very  profitable  there.  Some  of  the  islands 
lying  to  the  east  of  Nanaimo  make  the  finest  sheep 
pastures,  no  predatory  beasts  being  there  and  no  fenc- 
ing being  necessary  to  confine  the  animals. 

Nanaimo  is  the  central  point  for  a  large  district. 
Besides  the  daily  train  service  to  Victoria,  there  are 
regular  boat  lines  plying  to  Victoria,  New  Westmin- 
ster, Vancouver,  Comox,  Portland  and  Alaska,  steam- 
ers for  the  last  two  ports  stopping  there  once  each 
month.  Stages  run  to  Departure  bay  and  to  the  East 
Wellington  mines  twice  a  day.  In  all  ways  the  city 
is  making  rapid  advancement,  and  its  location  in  the 
midst  of  great  natural  resources  is  commanding  for 
it  wide  attention. 


I 


THE  WEST  HHORB. 


in 


iDportant  oitiei 
jiaily  and  semi- 

vith  tho  town 
Id  weekly  Con. 
h  <>'  the  town 
|olio  and  Pre«. 

having  a  flue 
lourae  of  erpc- 
]  teachora,  and 
pea  under  Uo- 
prten  school. 
PnevoJect  and 

Y  the  city  in- 
|«nd  machine 
which  ope- 
:8,  one  or  two 
p«ge  factory, 
^filler  shops 
J8  clone.     A 
wiil  soon  be 
;d  in  Nanai- 
hoat  buiid. 
>d  when  its 
•"»',  and  en- 
'Jch  it  is  so 

>'  the  coun- 
annoticed. 
nlock,  pine 
more  fuJJy 
ifactare  of 
particular- 
lie  before 
3  products 
good  deal 
»  and  hill, 
'ey  of  the 
farmers, 
will  BUp- 
and  that 
e  islands 

•st  sheep  i 

no  fenc- 

district, 
lere  are 
estmin- 

stoam- 
oe  each 
le  East 
he  city 

in  tLe 
ng  for 


K< 


NKW    WHIH'IM  I  M-i'IM^:if, 


METROPOLIS  OF  FRA.9BR  RIVER. 


riUNO  the  time  of  the  Fraspr 
river  gold  pxcitement,  in  IHoS, 
the  city  of  New  Westminster, 
British  Columbia,  was  found- 
ed, by  Colonel  Moody,  of  the 
royal  engineers,  who  consider- 
ed it  the  most  advantageous  site 
for  the  capital  of  the  province. 
The  city  is  located  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  river,  fifteen  miles 
from  its  month,  is  aooessiblfl  for 
deep  water  shipping,  and  lies  in 
the  heart  of  a  section  of  varied 
and  valuable  resources.  Steam- 
ers also  ply  up  the  river  a  hundred 
miles  to  Yale  which  is  the  center  of  a 
district  of  considerable  importance. 
New  Westminster  is  chiefly  known 
abroad  for  its  salmon  trade  and  its  lumber  basiness, 
but  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  district  are  now 
coming  into  prominence  and  giving  tho  city  addition- 
al stability.  The  good  farming  territory  of  British 
Columbia  is  not  a  very  large  proportion  of  its  whole 
area.  Ihere  are  considerable  tracts  that  are  fine 
grazing  lands,  and  others  that  irrigation  would  ren- 
der fertile,  but  much  of  this  territory  that  will  ulti- 
mately, of  course,  become  valuable,  is  now  practical- 
ly inaccessible  for  the  ordinary  tiller  of  the  soil. 
The  largest  and  most  valuable  tract  of  farming  land 
in  the  province  is  in  the  southwest  corner,  in  the  val- 
ley ,and  delta  of  Fraser  river,  and  New  Westminster 
is  situated  in  the  midst  of  that  great  garden.  Lulu, 
Bea  and  Westham  islands,  comprising  the  delta  of 
the  river,  have  an  area  of  over  fifty  thousand  acres  of 
the  choicest  land.  It  is  not  heavily  timbered,  and 
the  rich,  alluvial  soil  yields  crops  of  first  quality  and 
in  surprising  quantity.  Three  tons  of  hay  are  taken 
from  an  acre,  ninety  bushels  of  oats,  seventy-five  of 
wheat,  and  of  roct  crops  four  hundred  to  eight  hun- 
dred bushels.  At  the  last  local  fair  turnips  weighing 
forty  pounds  each  were  on  exhibition,  and  oats  we'pl. 
ing  fifty-five  pounds  to  the  measured  bushel.  What 
is  known  as  the  municipality  of  Delta  is  a  similar 
area  lying  between  the  Fraser  and  Boundary  bay,  on 
the  south.  The  municipalities  of  Surrey,  Langley, 
Maple  Eidge  and  Ohilliwhack  occupy  the  valley  on 
both  sides  of  the  river  above  New  Westminster,  and 


embract>  an  area  of  nniirly  fiv>>  huudrtvl  Kiuare  miles 
of  the  very  best  agricultural  lauds.  TheMrt  extond 
northward  from  tho  Aiueriuaii  hounditry  a  distniioe 
of  about  twenty  five  miles,  but  only  iuolude  wiiat  is 
in  the  [)olitical  district  of  New  WetftminHter.  Fitrra- 
ing  lands  roach  much  ftrther  up  the  Fraser  and  also 
up  tho  valleys  of  its  tributaries,  the  I'itt,  tho  Stave 
and  tho  Siwash.  A  choice  tract,  comprising  some 
fifty  thousand  acres,  has  rrcoutly  come  into  uotieo  on 
the  Stave,  and  is,  as  yet,  almost  entirely  uuoocupitHl. 
These  are  all  exe«llent  farming  lauds.  They  are  ea"- 
ily  cleared  for  the  plow,  and  the  soil  is  an  alluvium 
mixed  with  a  clay  loam.  The  agricultural  produc- 
tions include  the  common  grains,  rootn,  vi>getahle8 
and  a  variety  oFfruits.  A  fitiluro  of  crops  whs  n(«vi>r 
known  in  that  region.  Diiryiug  is  a  profitable  in- 
dustry and  it  is  growing  in  importance.  While  in 
the  valley  there  is  no  government  laud  to  speak  of,  a 
considerable  portion  of  tho  area  is  yet  unimproved 
and  may  be  purchased  at  moilerate  prices.  On  the 
northern  branches  of  the  Fraser  there  are  still  eligi- 
ble locations  which  may  be  obtained  from  the  gov- 
ernment or  from  tho  railroad  company  on  reasonable 
terms.  In  the  interior  there  are  Urge  amounts  of 
land  of  all  degrees  of  fertility  and  in  all  sorts  of  lo- 
cations, that  are  waiting  for  settl<>rs. 

There  are  twelve  large  salmon  canneries  within 
easy  reach  of  New  Westminster.  These  establish- 
ments represent  f.n  invested  capital  of  UoOO.OOO  00, 
they  employ  over  five  thousand  men  during  the  fish- 
ing season  and  pay  out  over  $100,()0().00  a  year  for 
supplies.  The  Fraser  river  canneries  turned  out  last 
year  forty-one  thousand  six  hundred  cases  of  salmon. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  important  industries  of  that 
region.  Three  saw  mills  are  now  in  operation  in  tho 
city,  their  daily  capacity  being  one  huudred  and 
twenty-five  thousand  feet  of  lumber.  By  far  the 
largest  :.«  ^ill  in  the  province  is  now  in  course  of 
const,  uotion  at  New  Westminster.  It  will  hnve  a  ca- 
pacity for  sawing  two  hundred  thousand  feet  per  day. 
Vessels  bound  to  the  several  foreign  markets  to 
wiiich  thib  lumber  is  shipped  have  no  difficulty  in  as- 
cending the  river  and  taking  their  cargoes  from  the 
wharves  at  the  mills.  The  timber  is  obtained  in 
abundance  up  the  Fraser  river  and  its  tributaries, 
and  floated  down  to  the  mills  where  it  is  held  in 
booms  until  manufactured.     Lumber  sawing  oonsti- 


■.i«fcfis*.  M.-.5aM'^  S'MftW 


^-^m^mmmm-    '.J^ 


II 


w 
M 


il 


11 


2G 


THE  WEST  BHOBE. 


tatea  the  most  important  single  manafactaring  indus- 
try of  the  city.  It  has,  however,  the  only  woolen 
mil!  in  tbr  province,  two  fonndries  and  machine 
shops,  a  farniture  manufactory,  planing  mills,  sash 
and  door  factories  and  cigar  factories.  The  volume 
of  products  turned  out  by  these  establishments  has 
an  important  influence  on  the  prosperity  of  the  city. 
The  New  Westminster,  Bellingham  Bay  A  Seattle 
railway,  now  in  process  of  construction  between  Se- 
attle and  New  Westminster,  will  have  its  shops  in 
the  latter  city  and  will  build  a  railway  and  traffic 
bridge  across  the  Eraser  river,  this  having  been 
agreed  upon  as  a  consideration  for  a  bonus  and  cer- 
tain terminal  facilities  which  were  granted  it 

New  Westminster  is  well  supplied  with  educa- 
tional facilities,  it  having  good  public  schools,  a  high 
school,  and  two  or  three  private  educational  institu- 
tions. It  has  the  only  free  public  library  in  the 
province.  There  is  a  public  hospital,  and  also  one 
which  cost  S'20,000.00  under  the  auspices  of  the  Ro- 
man Catholics.  Eight  churches  represent  the  follow- 
ing denominations:  Church  of  England,  Church  of 
Reformed  Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  Methodist  and 
Baptist.  The  city  has  a  board  of  trade,  a  building 
association,  and  a  dozen  fraternal,  benevolent  and  so- 
cial organizations.  It  has  two  good  hotels,  an  opera 
house,  a  concert  hall,  two  banks,  daily,  semi-weekly 
and  weekly  newspapers,  and  excellent  telegraphic  and 
telephonic  communication.  Several  parks  and  public 
squares  within  the  city  limits  aggregate  in  area  more 
than  one  hundred  acres.  The  corporation  recently 
purchased  the  charter  for  a  system  of  water  works, 
which  will  be  constructed  immediately  at  a  cost  of 
about  «200,000.()().  This  will  give  an  unlimited  sup- 
ply of  pure  water. 

The  provincial  jail,  provincial  asylum,  the  central 
prison  for  the  main  land,  the  dominion  land  office  for 
the  province,  the  land  registry  office  for  the  main 
land,  the  provincial  land  office,  and  the  central  office 
on  the  Pacific  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  and  Postal 
Union  telegraph  systems  are  situated  at  New  West- 
minster. It  is  the  residence  of  Anglican  and  Roman 
Catholic  bishops,  the  provincial  imragration  agent, 
the  inspector  of  fisheries,  the  district  senator  and  rep- 
resentative in  the  dominion  parliament,  the  judge  and 
registrar  of  the  supreme  court,  and  the  sheriff  of  the 
district.  A  new  court  house,  to  cost  $20,000.00  is 
about  to  be  erected. 

New  Westminster  is  connected  with  the  main  line 
of  the  Canadian  Pacific  railway  by  a  branch  eight 
miles  long  to  Westminster  Junction.  Trains  are  run 
from  New  Westminster  to  Vancouver  several  times  a 


day,  and  direct  connections  are  made  with  all  trans- 
continental trains  at  the  junction.  The  completion  of 
the  New  Westminster,  Bellingham  Bay  &  Seattle  rail- 
way will  make  the  city  a  competing  point  for  the 
Canadian  Pacific  and  Northern  Pacific  roads.  Among 
the  other  railways  projected  from  New  Westminster 
are  a  short  V.  e  to  Vancouver,  a  line  down  the  south 
side  of  the  Eraser  to  Ladner's  and  up  the  river  to 
Sumas,  and  one  to  Victoria,  on  Vancouver  island,  the 
last  involving  a  ferry  across  the  Gulf  uf  Georgia,  a 
distance  of  twenty  miles,  to  operate  in  conjunction 
with  the  railway  on  the  land.  These  projects  are 
being  pushed  by  men  of  capital  and  business  fore- 
sight, with  the  cooperation  of  lines  already  estab- 
lished, and  they  will  all  be  completed  before  long. 

Lesides  the  rail  communication  which  New  West- 
minster has,  it  is  well  provided  with  boat  lines  plying 
to  all  towns  on  the  river  as  far  up  as  Yale,  a  hun- 
dred miles  distant,  and  on  the  coast  of  the  main  land, 
as  well  as  to  the  islands  of  the  province  and  Pugct 
sound  ports  in  American  territory.  It  has  good  con- 
nections by  steamer  with  Portland  and  San  Erancis- 
co.  Stages  run  to  Vancouver,  Surrey  Center,  Clover 
Valley  and  Hall's  Prairie,  in  the  province,  and  to 
Blaine,  across  the  boundary  line  in  Washington. 

New  Westminster  occupies  a  sloping  site  facing 
the  south  and  southeast.  The  peaks  of  the  Cascades 
and  Olympic  mountains  afford  a  glimpse  of  magnifi- 
cent scenery  to  the  south  and  southwest,  while  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  city  are  many  features  of 
interest.  The  celebrated  Harrison  Hot  Springs  may 
be  reached  in  less  than  two  hours  by  rail  from  the 
city.  In  town  are  all  the  accommodations  to  make 
life  pleasant  there.  The  city  is  growing  in  impor- 
tance as  a  tourist's  resort  and  a  place  of  residence, 
even  for  those  who  have  business  interests  elsewhere 
in  the  province. 

The  large  trade  which  is  enjoyed  by  all  lines  of 
business  in  New  Westminster  is  pushing  it  to  the 
front  as  a  commercial  and  manufacturing  center.  The 
lumbering,  agricultural,  fishing  and  mining  interests 
tributary  to  the  city,  and  the  facilities  being  provided 
for  developing  commerce  in  all  directions  are  already 
beginning  to  bear  fruit  in  quickening  trade  and  attract- 
ing people  from  abroad.  An  enterprising  spirit  is 
awakened  and  the  citizens  are  aruused  to  the  advan- 
tages that  lie  at  their  door.  7<fearly  half  a  million 
dollars  will  be  expended  in  the  city  this  year  for  water 
works  and  railway  improvements  alone,  and  this  is 
but  the  beginning  of  a  long  train  of  works  that  will 
keep  the  town  in  the  front  rank  of  the  rapidly  grow- 
ing cities  of  the  province. 


W«i 


^m^>m^ 


fesaJiiiiWl. 


•^IST^W^pf^^PK^r  5-^  ¥1 


ade  with  all  trana- 
The  completion  of 
Bay  ,fe  Seattle  rail- 
iting  point  for  the 
icific  roads.    Among 
New  Weatminater 
line  down  the  south 
and  up  the  river  to 
[anoonver  island,  the 
Gulf  of  Georgia,  a 
rate  in  oonjanotion 
These  projecta  are 
and  buaineaa  fore- 
inea  already  estab- 
eted  before  long. 
<n  which  New  West- 
ith  boat  lines  plying 
up  as  Yale,  a  hun- 
ast  of  the  main  land, 
province  and  Paget 
■y.     It  has  good  con- 
id  and  San  Franois- 
irrey  Center,  Clover 
he  province,  and  to 
in  Washington. 
I  sloping  site  facing 
eaks  of  the  Cascades 
glimpse  of  magnifi- 
uthwest,  while  in  the 
ire  many  features  of 
on  Hot  Springs  may 
irs  by  rail  from  the 
mmodations  to  make 
1  growing  in  impor- 
.  place  of  residence, 
B  interests  elsewhere 

joyed  by  all  lines  of 
is  pushing  it  to  the 
cturing  center.    The 
ind  mining  interests 
lities  being  provided 
reotions  are  already 
ng  trade  and  attract- 
iterprising  spirit  is 
oused  to  the  advan- 
arly  half  a  million 
y  this  year  for  water 
1   alone,  and  this  is 
of  works  that  will 
if  the  rapidly  grow- 


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THE  WEST  SHORE. 


31 


VA^^OOXTVER, 


TERMINUS  OF  THB  CANADIAN  PAOIFIO. 


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^-^gj^j^gc  ANCOUVER  ia  sitaated  on  the  main  land,  a  short  distanoo  north 
of  the  mouth  of  Fraser  river.  The  principal  part  of  the  oity  oo- 
cnpiea  a  peninsula,  bounded  north  by  the  waters  of  liurrard  inh>t, 
south  by  a  small  indentation  called  False  creek,  and  west  by  English 
bay,  of  which  the  other  two  are  arms.  Far  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
peninsula  thus  defined,  however,  the  city  is  fast  extending  to  the  oast, 
and  to  the  south  across  False  creek.  The  city  was  incorporated  unilor 
the  name  "  Vancouver  "  April  (i,  188t>,  at  which  time  it  had  a  jjopula- 
tion  numbering  scarcely  six  hundred.  Now  there  are  within  the  limits 
of  the  corporation  fourteen  thousand  inhabitants,  and  in  many  respects 
it  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  towns  on  the  Paoitic  slope  of  North 
America.  The  site  of  Vancouver  could  scarcely  have  been  better  chosen  for  a 
large  city.  The  peninsula  on  which  it  is  located  rises  to  an  altitude  of  about  two 
hundred  feet  at  the  highest  point,  and  from  the  central  ridge  there  is  a  distinct 
descent  to  the  water's  edge  on  either  side.  This  affords  the  most  perfect  drain- 
age at  all  times.  Both  Burrard  inlet  on  the  nortl..  and  Knglish  bay  and  Falsa 
creek  on  the  opposite  side,  are  always  safely  navigable  for  the  deepest  draft  ves- 
sels, and  the  first  named  is  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  world.  The  extremity 
of  the  peninsula  curves  around  to  the  northward  (it  is  really  another  peninsula^ 
formed  by  an  indentation  from  the  inlet  known  as  Coal  harbor),  leaving  a  passage  at  the  narrows,  or  mouth 
of  Burrard  inlet,  not  more  than  half  a  mile  wide.  Opposite  the  oity  i.ont,  however,  the  inlet  is  more  tlian 
two  miles  wide,  with  a  depth  varying  from  six  to  twenty  fathoms.  This  arm  of  salt  water  extends  inland 
more  than  twenty  miles  from  Vancouver,  and  its  iiwo  forks  aiford  access  by  water  to  a  considerable  aro'i  of 
rich  country,  the  products  of  which  Vancouver  governs.  In  this  respect  it  serves  the  commercial  purpose  of 
a  large  river.  Then,  on  the  west  and  south,  English  bay  and  False  creek  afford  accommodations  for  ship- 
ping. The  capacity  of  the  city  for  marine  commerce  can  never  be  outgrown,  no  matter  what  magnitude  it 
may  attain. 

When  it  had  become  a  definitely  settled  fact  that  the  Canadian  Pacific  railway  would  make  this  point  its 
western  terminus,  it  suddenly  sprang  into  prominence.  The  railway  company,  by  a  grant  from  the  govern- 
ment, secured  control  of  the  land  upon  which  the  oity  must  be  built,  and  the  policy  pursued  by  the  company 
has  resulted  in  establishing  a  foundation  for  a  giant  growth.  People  from  the  eastern  provinces  flocked  to 
the  prospective  metropolis  in  great  numbers,  and  the  oity  of  Vancouver  was  incorporated  on  the  date  men- 
tioned, the  name  being  in  honor  of  Captain  George  Vancouver,  of  the  British  navy,  who  discovered,  explored 
and  named  Burrard  inlet,  nearly  a  hundred  years  ago. 

The  conditions  imposed  on  purchasers  of  property  in  Vancouver  are  such  that  no  mere  speculators  can 
buy  the  land  and  hold  it,  without  improvement,  for  the  rise  in  value  which  th&  industry  of  other  people  will 
be  sure  to  bring  it.  This  policy  has  tended  to  keep  out  adventurers  and  to  secure  the  benefits  of  the  city's 
advancement  fo  those  who  have  homes  there,  or  to  those  who  are  interested  in  its  business  afTairs.  The  build- 
ing conditions  accompanying  transfers  within  the  past  two  weeks — the  last  two  weeks  of  March  —bind  pur- 
chasers to  erect  this  season  stone  and  brick  structures  aggregating  in  value  $125,000.00.  These  buildings 
will  not  be  all  in  one  locality,  but  will  be  scattered  over  a  considerable  area.  This  policy  relieves  the 
city  of  the  appearance  of  being  crowded,  and  encourages  expansion  in  all  directions,  while  the  intervening 
property  is,  of  course,  augmented  in  value. 

Business  men  who  located  in  Vancouver  three  or  four  years  ago  well  remember  that  nine-tenths  of  the 
present  area  of  the  oity  was  a  dense,  unbroken  foiesi  of  huge  firs.  There  was  but  a  single  street  cleared 
of  timber,  and  a  few  rude  roads  led  into  the  gloomy  wild.  To  build  a  oity  there  was  certainly  a  Hercu- 
lean task.     The  timber  was  removed  at  a  cost  of  $200  00  to  $300.00  per  acre,  and,  following  the  retreat- 


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ing  forest,  msBsive  straotares  of  atono  and  brick 
sprang  up,  streets  were  graded,  sidewalks  bailt,  and 
large  business  enterprises  inaagurated.  Some  of  the 
finest  business  blocks  in  the  oily  stand  on  ground  that, 
three  years,  or  even  two  years  ago,  was  occupied  by  a 
wilderness  of  forest.  The  Canadian  Pacific  railway 
was  completed  to  Vancouver  in  May,  1887,  when  the 
first  through  train  arrived  from  Montreal.  That  year, 
also,  the  Canadian  Pacific  company  put  a  line  of 
steamships  on  the  route  between  Vancouver  and  Chi- 
na and  Japan.  Those  two  important  projects  gave 
an  impetus  to  the  growth  of  the  city,  by  placing  its 
advantages  entirely  beyond  the  realm  of  speculation, 
and  the  advancement  the  city  made  was  truly  mar- 
velous. 

A  great  confiagration,  in  June,  1880,  nearly  wiped 
the  young  city  out  of  existence,  but  before  the  embers 
died,  materials  for  rebuilding  were  on  their  way,  and, 
where  small  wooden  structures  were  before,  there 
arose  grand  edifices  of  stone,  brick  and  iron.  Under 
the  infiuence  of  the  large  transportation  interests 
which  were  establiohed  there  the  next  year,  the  build- 
ing of  the  city  progressed  rapidly,  and  during  1887 
most  of  the  city  plat  was  cleared  of  timber,  and  a 
large  amount  of  street  work  was  done.  Since  that 
time  its  progress  has  been  unhindered  by  any  disas- 
ter. The  city  is  laid  out  on  a  magnificent  scale,  and 
it  is  being  built  up  in  a  style  fully  in  accord  with  the 
plan.  Its  residences,  business  blocks,  hotels  and  pub- 
lic buildings  of  all  classes  would  bo  creditable  to  any 
city.  During  the  year  1888,  buildings  aggregating  in 
value  $1,350,000.00  were  erected  within  the  corpora- 
tion limits.  In  January,  1888,  the  city  assessment 
showed  a  taxable  valuation  of  property  aggregating 
nearly  $3,500,000.00.  In  January,  1889,  the  total  as- 
sessed valuation  of  property  was  $(i, 000,000. 00.  Last 
year  $85,000.00  were  expended  in  street  improve- 
ments, making  the  total  mileage  of  graded  streets  in 
the  city  thirt  six,  and  there  are  twenty-five  miles  of 
sidewalks.  reet  improvements  to  the  amount  of 
$30,000.00  now  under  contract    There  are  two 

bridges  aero,  i'alse  creek  and  one  across  Coal  har- 
bor. The  city  has  expended  $25,000.00  on  sewers, 
and  will  expend  $40,000.00  this  year  on  its  sewerage 
system.  It  has  a  telephone  exobnnge  of  nearly  two 
hundred  subscribers.  The  fire  department  consists 
of  two  brigades,  employing  a  total  of  sixty  men,  with 
modern  apparatus  for  extinguishing  fires.  The  water 
works  plant,  just  completed,  brings  to  the  city  an 
abundant  supply  of  pure  water  from  the  headwaters 
of  the  Capilano  creek,  a  mountain  stream  flowing  from 
the  northward  into  Bnrrard  inlet  near  the  first  nar- 
rows. Seven  miles  from  the  city  limits  a  reservoir 
with  a  capacity  of  fourteen  million  gallons  was  made 
by  damming  the  creek,  p,nd  from  that  reservoir  the 


water  is  led  in  pipes  down  the  mountain  side  and  un- 
der the  narro-'.s,  which  is  half  a  mile  wide,  to  supply 
the  system  of  mains  in  the  city,  and,  through  them, 
the  consumers.  The  reservoir  is  two  hundred  feet 
above  the  highest  point  in  the  city,  and  over  three 
hundred  feet  above  the  business  and  residence  por- 
tion of  the  town.  The  water  is  free  from  all  impuri- 
ties, and  the  source  of  supply  is  in  the  mountains  be- 
yond all  possibility  of  oontamiuation.  This  water 
works  system  cost  $250,000.00,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
most  important  improvements,  both  from  a  sanitary 
and  a  commercial  point  of  view,  that  has  been  made 
there.  Seventy-five  hydrants,  j  adioiously  placed  about 
the  city,  furnish  an  efficient  means  for  quenching 
fires.     The  system  includes  thirty  miles  of  iron  mains. 

Vancouver  is  lighted  by  both  gas  and  electricity. 
The  Electric  Illuminating  Company  lights  the  streets 
with  nearly  two  thousand  sixteen-oandle  power  incan- 
descent lamps  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  arc  lights, 
also  furnishing  lights  to  private  consumers.  The 
Vancouver  Gas  Company  is  incorporated,  with  a  cap- 
ital stock  of  $150,000.00,  and  has  a  capacity  for  sup- 
plying sixty  thousand  cubic  feet  of  coal  gas  per  day. 
The  residuum  of  coke  and  coal  tar  is  now  utilized, 
and  it  is  expected  soon  to  manufacture  aspbaltum  and 
analine  dyep,  which  will  be  an  important  addition  to 
the  city's  already  considerable  list  of  manufactures. 

The  public  schools  are  now  a  graded  school  sys- 
tem, but  by  the  beginning  of  the  next  school  year  a 
high  school  will  be  organized  with  a  suitable  curricu- 
lum and  an  effiaient  corps  of  instructors.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  present  school  year  nine  teachers  were 
employed  in  the  city,  and  fifteen  must  be  provided 
for  the  first  term  next  fall.  One  school  building  has 
been  constructed  this  year,  and  a  large  central  high 
school  will  be  built  next  year,  for  which  an  appropri- 
ation of  $17,000.00  has  already  be^n  made.  The  Ro- 
man Catholic  church  maintains  a  parochial  school, 
which  is  well  patronized.  The  city  hall  is  a  commo- 
dious structure,  in  which  are  the  headquarters  of  all 
the  departments  of  the  city  government.  The  provin- 
cial government  has  formed  a  new  municipality,  with 
Vancouver  as  its  official  head,  and  has  appropriated 
$23,000.00  for  the  erection  this  year  of  a  court  house 
and  registrar's  offices. 

The  business  institutions  of  the  city  are  of  an  un- 
usually stable  character,  many  of  them  being  branch- 
es of  old  eastern  establishments.  The  city  has  four 
banking  houses,  three  of  which  are  branches  of  old 
eastern  concerns,  and  the  total  capital  represented  by 
them  is  $20,000,000.00.  During  the  year  1888,  the 
Canadian  Pacific  railway  brought  to  the  city  nearly 
thirty-nine  thousand  tons  of  freight,  and  forwarded 
about  twenty-two  thousand  tons.  Ovfer  five  hundred 
aod  sixt-^en  thousand  packages  of  merchandise  were 


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exported  to  China  and  Japan  via  the  Canadian  Pacific 
steamers,  and  the  imports  from  the  same  aource  ag- 
gregated over  five  hundred  and  seventy-four  thousand 
packages,  a  gain  of  more  than  a  hundred  per  cent 
over  the  previous  year.  The  Canadian  Pacific  com- 
pany disbursed  in  Vancouver  $()18,'2;J4  (!5.  The  local 
custom  house  records  show  that  for  the  last  fiscal  year 
there  arrived  in  Vancouver  two  hundred  and  seventy- 
one  marine  craft,  of  a  total  of  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
three  thousand  tons  burthen,  and  cleared  two  hun- 
dred and  seventy  vessels,  of  a  total  burthen  of  ninety- 
eight  thousand  tons.  The  custom  house  collections 
were  $73, 102  2\),  or  more  than  double  the  amount  of 
the  previous  year.  The  total  imports  increased  in 
value  $74,8(18.00,  and  the  exports  $r2l,4t;i.OO,  over  the 
previous  year.  The  goods  shipped  to  the  United 
Htates  were  valued  ut  $20,087.75,  and  the  shipments 
through  Vancouver  from  the  United  States  were  val- 
ued at  .$1,380,000.00.  The  postoffice  business  last 
year  was  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  per  cent  great- 
er than  for  1887,  the  stamp  sales  aggregating  $11,- 
579.10,  money  orders  $114,793.99,  postoflioe  savings 
bank  deposits  $28,972  00,  and  the  number  of  regis- 
tered letters  mailed  was  five  thousand.  These  figures 
show  specifically  what  advancement  the  city  made 
in  the  lines  which  are  quoted,  and  when  the  fact  that 
the  mercantile  and  manufacturing  interests  corres- 
pondingly increased  in  importance  is  considered,  a 
definite  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  rapid  growth 
which  the  city  experienced ;  and  this  rate  of  advance- 
ment has  not  in  the  least  abated,  bat  rather  increased. 

In  addition  to  the  great  transportation  lines  of  the 
Canadian  Pacific  railway  and  the  steamship  lines  to 
China  and  Japan  and  to  Australia,  the  city  has  con- 
nections with  all  important  points  along  the  Pacific 
coast.  The  trans-Pacific  steamship  lines  each  receive 
a  subsidy  of  $500,000.00  from  the  British  and  Cana- 
dian governments,  and  the  boats  that  have  been  em- 
ployed in  the  service  daring  the  experimental  stage 
of  the  line  are  soon  to  be  superseded  by  new  ones 
specially  designed  for  that  trade.  Steamers  ply  be- 
tween Vancouver  and  all  Paget  sound  ports,  both  in 
and  out  of  the  province,  and  to  Portland  and  San 
Francisco.  It  would  seem  that  the  city  had  all  the 
boat  lines  that  could  be  desired,  but  its  only  railroad 
is  the  Canadian  Pacific.  No  less  than  three  railroads 
extending  to  the  southeast  are  in  contemplation,  how- 
ever, to  tap  resources  that  at  present  have  no  conven- 
ient outlet,  and  to  connect  with  the  Seattle,  Lake 
Shore  &  Eastern  and  the  Bellingham  Bay  road,  thus 
getting  other  transcontinental  roates  to  doing  busi- 
ness in  the  city. 

In  the  matter  of  public  parks  the  city  is  well  pro- 
vided for.  All  that  part  of  the  peninsula  west  of 
Coal  harbor,  comprising  some  nine  hundred  and  six- 


ty acres,  belongs  to  the  crown,  and  is  leased  by  the 
city  for  a  public  park.  A  driveway  entirely  around 
this  park  has  been  constructed  of  gravel  and  shells, 
and  it  is  much  patronized.  From  some  of  the  eleva- 
tions on  this  road  the  view  is  one  of  the  grandest  im- 
aginable. The  precipitous  mountains  on  the  north 
side  of  the  inlet,  only  six  or  eight  miles  away,  raise 
their  cragged  crest  line  to  a  height  of  over  six  thou- 
sand feet,  and  carry  a  covering  of  snow  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  year.  The  spurs  of  the  Cascades  ap- 
proach very  near  the  coast ;  in  fact,  salt  water  washes 
the  very  base  of  the  mountains  in  some  oases.  Sea- 
ward, the  numerous  islands  that  dot  the  waters  of  the 
Gulf  of  Georgia  are  plainly  in  view,  and  all  the  shore 
lines  are  very  picturesque.  Southward,  Point  Gray 
juts  out  from  the  main  land  beyond  English  bay,  and 
to  the  eastward  the  main  ridge  of  the  Cascades  ex- 
tends across  the  hoiizon,  rugged  and  snow-capped. 
The  park  itself — Stanley  pirk,  it  is  called— is  cov- 
ered with  a  wild  forest,  filled  with  game  of  many 
kinds,  which  no  one  is  permitted  to  kill.  Besides  the 
road  around  the  park,  drives  traversing  it  in  various 
directions  are  being  constructed,  making  it  one  of  the 
most  charming  driving  resorts  in  the  country.  The 
city  has  erected  a  park  lodge,  whore  the  keeper  re- 
sides, devoting  his  whole  time  to  the  care  of  the  park 
and  to  protecting  its  primeval  beauty.  A  small  por- 
tion of  this  park  is  set  aside  for  the  athletic  clubs  of 
the  city  and  suitably  fitted  for  them.  In  the  eastern 
part  of  the  city  is  a  tract  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  donated  to  Vancouver  by  the  government  for  a 
park,  on  certain  conditions  of  improvement,  which  are 
being  complied  with.  There  is  another  park  of  forty 
acres  on  the  south  side  of  False  creek.  Three  smaller 
parks  in  tWe  city  occupy  a  total  area  of  about  twenty 
acres,  and  are  very  attractive  ornaments.  The  mu- 
nicipal government  recently  paid  $15,000  (K)  for  a  cen- 
trally located  market  square.  The  one  cemetery  is 
situated  on  the  south  side,  and  is  owned  and  cared  for 
by  the  city. 

Vancouver  has  a  well  organized  police  depart- 
ment, which  is  self-sustaining.  Saloon  licenses  are 
$500.00  each,  and  drinking  places  are  kept  under 
strict  police  surveillance.  The  city  owns  and  main- 
tains a  hospital,  which  it  built  last  year  at  a  cost  of 
$10,000.00.  It  is  under  the  direction  of  a  hospital 
board  of  five  medical  men.  The  city  hall  is  a  com- 
modious building,  in  which  are  the  headtiuarters  of 
all  the  departments  of  the  city  government.  The 
municipal  government  consists  of  a  mayor  and  board 
of  ten  aldermen,  elected  by  ballot,  and  the  usual  other 
ofiicerB  acting  under  their  direction.  An  enterpris- 
ing policy  regarding  public  affairs  of  all  kinds  is  pur- 
sued. The  board  of  trade  is  an  active  and  strong  or- 
ganization, which  is  an  important  aid  to  the  business 


84 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


I'evelopment  of  the  town.  Its  members  are  the  prom- 
inent bnainess  men  of  the  city,  and  they  labor  for  the 
beat  interests  of  the  municipality  in  everything  that 
cames  within  the  scope  of  their  operation. 

Fraternal  and  benevolent  organizations  are  well 
represented  in  Vancouver.  There  are  lodges  of  Free 
Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Good  Templars,  Knights  of 
Labor,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Locomotive  Engineers, 
United  Workmen,  Fore^iters,  Sons  of  England,  and  a 
Ht.  Andrew's  society.  They  embrace  a  large  member- 
ship and  wield  a  considerable  influence  for  the  good 
of  society.  The  city  has  a  public  reading  room,  s 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  which  is  contem- 
plating the  erection  of  a  fine  building  on  a  site  that 
has  already  been  donated,  and  a  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  all  of  them  in  a  very  flourishing 
condition.  There  are  at  present  nine  church  edifices 
in  the  city— two  Methodist,  two  Presbyterian,  two 
Episcopal,  a  Congregational,  a  Baptist  and  a  Boman 
Catholic— and  preparations  are  being  made  to  erect 
several  others.  Besides  the  Methodists  have  a  Chi- 
nese congregation,  presided  over  by  a  native  Chinese 
missipnary,  and  a  Chinese  mission  school. 

The  news  field  is  unusually  well  covered  in  Van- 
couver. The  News- Advertiser  is  a  morning  daily  of 
eight  pages,  which  is  ably  conducted  and  presents  a 
full  quota  of  the  news  of  the  world  each  morning. 
The  Evening  World  is  a  publication  but  a  few 
months  old,  but  it  is  a  vigorous,  enterprising  and  newsy 
journal,  and  merits  the  large  patronage  it  receives. 
Both  papers  issue  weekly  editions.  They  are  clean 
and  efficient  exponents  of  the  public  interests. 

The  variety  of  natural  resources  existing  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia  makes  it  a  good  country  for  the  prose- 
cution of  nearly  all  kinds  of  manufacturing.  The 
woods  of  the  province  are  valuable  and  abundant,  the 
mines  possess  untold  wealth  of  many  kinds,  and  fish- 
eries, farms  and  ranges  contribute  to  the  support 
which  factories  must  have.  Good  transportation  fa- 
cilities are  a  recent  acquisition,  but  they  are  increas- 
ing in  response  to  the  rapidly  growing  demand  for 
them,  and  no  fears  are  entertained  of  any  hampering 
influence  from  that  source.  Besides  the  many  re- 
sources that  now  enter  into  the  calculations  of  manu- 
facturers there,  new  discoveries  are  constantly  being 
made,  and  the  utilization  of  the  vast  volume  of  raw 
products  can  not  but  make  a  manufacturing  region  of 
more  than  ordinary  importance. 

As  lumbering  was  the  first  industry  that  engaged 
Ihe  attention  of  British  Columbians,  its  present  value 
is  greater  than  any  other.  It  employs  more  men  and 
yields  a  larger  annual  output,  reduced  to  the  stern 
scale  of  dollars  and  cents,  than  any  other  manufac- 
turing industry  in  the  province.  Saw  mills  are  in  op- 
eration at  various  points  of  advantage  along  the  coast 


line,  on  the  shores  of  the  numerous  indentations,  and 
on  two  or  three  of  the  larger  rivers.  The  total  num- 
ber of  mills  noT  in  the  province  is  twenty-six,  vary- 
ing in  their  output  from  three  thousand  feet  daily, 
which  is  the  product  of  a  small  Indian  mill  on  Naas 
river,  to  one  hundred  and  ten  thousand  feet  of  sawed 
lumber.  Vancouver  is  the  great  lumbering  center  for 
the  whole  region,  and  it  has  within  its  limits  and  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  six  saw  mills,  one  planing  mill, 
one  shingle  mill  and  two  large  sash  and  door  facto- 
ries, the  annual  product  of  which  is  valued  at  $2,500,- 
000.00.  These  mills  furnish  regular  employment  to 
about  fifteen  hundred  hands.  They  turn  out  various 
grades  of  rough  and  planed  lumber,  to  suit  the  de- 
mands of  the  market,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  pro- 
duct is  exported  to  foreign  countries,  chiefly  to  China, 
Japan,  Australia  and  the  states  of  Central  America, 
South  America  and  Europe.  It  is  the  leading  article 
of  commerce  with  those  countries. 

While  the  foreign  demand  was  the  first  developed 
and  is  constantly  growing  in  importance,  the  recent 
changes  that  have  occurred  in  the  industrial  condition 
of  the  northwestern  provinces  of  Canada  render  the 
domestic  and  local  markets  of  scarcely  less  moment 
to  the  manufacturer.  A  considerable  number  of  the 
saw  mills  recently  established  depend  entirely  on  the 
local  demand  for  their  patronage,  and  they  find  it  in- 
creasing fully  as  fast  as  the  facilities  for  supplying 
it.  The  farming  sections  and  mining  camps  of  the 
interior  are  using  large  quantities  of  lumber,  and  the 
growing  towns  along  the  line  of  the  railway  also  have 
a  brisk  trade  in  that  commodity.  The  manufacture 
of  sash,  doors  and  blinds  in  Vancouver  is  a  profitable 
adjunct  of  the  saw  mill  business,  and  it  is  capable  of 
great  expansion.  The  demand  for  that  class  of  man- 
ufactures is  chiefly  in  the  cities,  where  much  building 
is  being  done. 

A  furniture  factory,  having  an  annual  output 
worth  $75,000.00,  has  passed  through  the  experimen- 
tal stage  in  Vancouver  and  received  such  encourag- 
ing support  that  its  capacity  is  being  greatly  in- 
creased. All  ordinary  household  furniture  is  made 
there.  The  country  has  an  exhaustless  supply  of  the 
finest  maple,  alder,  cedar,  pine,  spruce,  etc.,  that  could 
profitably  be  manufactured  into  furniture  and  ma- 
chinery. A  carriage  factory,  with  a  capacity  for  man- 
ufacturing $75,000.00  worth  of  carriages  per  annum, 
was  lately  built,  and  the  enterprise  promises  to  be 
more  than  ordinarily  successful.  Among  the  other 
manufactories  of  wood  that  would  find  a  good  field 
for  operation  at  Vancouver  may  be  mentioned  wood- 
enware  factories  and  pulp  mills.  There  is  an  es- 
pecially promising  opening  for  the  manufacture  of 
all  kinds  of  woodenware,  the  materials  being  at  hand 
and  the  demand  for  the  product  being  very  strong. 


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irs.     The  total  num. 

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the  first  developed 
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Cooperagn  works  would  also  tlonrigb.  Any  manufao- 
turing  institutions  that  oau  use  fir,  c«dar,  apruco,  cy- 
press, heulock,  piup,  maple  or  aider  will  do  well  at 
Vancouver. 

There  is  great  need  for  Bmoltiug  establiahmonts  in 
British  Columbia  to  aid  in  developing  the  mineral  rn- 
Bonrces.  A  load  smelter  of  a  daily  capacity  of  sixty 
tons  has  just  been  completed  in  Vancouver,  and  it 
will  treat  ore  from  mines  over  six  hundred  miles  dis- 
tant, as  well  as  from  those  that  are  nearer.  Efforts 
are  being  made  to  have  a  large  iron  smelter  erected 
in  the  city,  a  liberal  bonus  being  offered  to  reliable 
parties  who  will  inaugurate  snob  an  enterprise.  Iron 
and  coal  are  now  produced  in  h  rge  (luantities  within 
thirty  miles  of  the  city,  and  there  would  be  no  lack  of 
patronage  for  a  smelter,  lljduction  works  for  gold 
and  silver  ores  are  also  needed  to  encourage  the  min- 
ing of  the  precious  metals  in  various  parts  of  the 
province. 

The  largest  manufacturing  establishment  now  in 
operation  in  the  city  belongs  to  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  Company.  The  terminal  works  and  machine 
shops  of  that  company  do  an  immense  amount  of 
work  in  building  and  repairing  railroad  stock,  and 
consume  largo  (quantities  of  wood  and  iron.  All  the 
iron  used  could,  with  the  proper  means  for  working, 
be  taken  in  the  ore  and  put  through  every  process  of 
preparation  by  local  iudnstrios.  To  supply  the  means 
for  working,  which  are  now  lacking,  is  one  of  the 
things  the  business  men  of  the  city  have  in  view. 
Iron  smelters,  foundries  and  rolling  mills  are  sure  to 
be  established  in  Vancouver.  There  now  is  a  foun- 
dry and  machine  shop  in  the  city,  besides  the  Cana- 
dian Pacific  machine  shops,  but  none  of  the  iron  used 
is  smelted  by  local  industry.  The  foundries  and  ma- 
chine shops  do  a  large  volume  of  business,  and  it  will 
not  be  long  before  the  other  complements  of  iron 
working  will  ba  numbered  among  the  manufacturing 
industries  of  the  city. 

The  steadily  increasing  volume  of  agricultural 
products  is  calling  attention  to  the  necessity  for  util- 
izing them  to  better  advantage  than  has  yet  been 
done.  Most  particularly  is  attention  directed  to  the 
need  for  preparing  the  products  of  the  range  for  use 
at  home,  instead  of  sending  them  abroad  to  be  treated 
by  the  skilled  labor  of  other  people  and  then  returned 
for  consumption  near  where  produced.  Wool  and 
hides  are  the  chief  articles  of  this  class  of  goois. 
Woolen  mills  should  be  constructed  in  Vancouver. 
They  would  have  peculiar  advantages  in  that  the  tar- 
iff prevents  competition  from  better  developed  sec- 
tions of  the  Pacific  slope,  and  the  long  haul  from  the 
east  increases  the  selling  price  considerably,  and  Aus- 
tralian wool  can  be  shipped  in  free  of  duty  to  mix 
with  the  home  product,  thus  enabling  manufacturers 


to  make  a  superior  (|uality  of  gocNls.  I,alH)r  may  bo 
easily  obtained,  and  the  d^Muand  will  more  than  war- 
rant the  establishment  of  such  entorprist's.  The  en- 
tire wool  crop,  not  only  of  the  local  ra'igt's  and  farms, 
but  of  all  the  northwest  Canadian  prnvinoi'n  as  well, 
will  go  to  Vancouver  wh«-n  it  has  wooloii  faetorifs  to 
handle  it  In  this  line  of  opi>ration  Vancouver  is  al- 
most beyond  any  sort  of  rivalry.  Tht»  superior  facil- 
ties  for  obtaining  the  raw  products  and  for  marketing 
the  manufactured  articles  give  it  great  advantage 
over  other  manufacturing  places.  Cliiiia  and  ■lapnti 
will  take  all  the  woolen  goods  that  can  be  manufac- 
tured there. 

Tanneries  and  manufactories  of  boots  and  shot<s 
are  also  among  the  institutions  that  would  benefit 
Vancouver  and  be  profitable  investmentH.  Tan  bark 
is  cheap  and  plentiful.  The  uorthwescern  proviuecs 
would  be  glad  to  send  their  hides  to  liritish  Colum- 
bia to  market,  and  all  kinds  of  leather  goods  could  be 
manufactured  to  advantage  in  Vancouver.  Of  course, 
more  or  less  of  this  kind  of  work  is  done  in  the  cus- 
tom shops  of  the  city,  but  large  establishments  are 
wanted —institutions  that  will  employ  a  greut  number 
of  hands  and  give  the  city  a  reputation  abroad. 

Another  of  the  staples  of  trade  witli  foreign  coun- 
tries  is  Hour,  and  the  farmers  about  Vancouver  are 
raising  wheat  enough  to  warrant  the  ere<3tion  of  flour- 
ing mills  of  large  capacity.  This  will  surely  prove  a 
profitable  field  for  large  mills  operating  in  the  for- 
eign trade.  Smaller  mills  will  do  a  flourishing  local 
business,  and  use  buckwheat,  Indian  corn  and  miscel- 
laneous grains  for  home  consumption. 

Among  the  more  important  of  the  city's  induHtrios 
is  the  Vancouver  Lime  Works,  which,  from  a  very 
small  beginning  in  1H.S7,  ban  grown  to  be  the  largest 
lime  works  in  the  province,  having  a  capacity  for  pro- 
ducing one  hundred  and  fifty  barrels  of  lime  per  day. 
The  limestone  is  obtained  from  the  company's  ((uar- 
ries  on  Texada  island,  and  the  product  is  said  to  be 
the  best  in  the  market. 

Vancouver  has  six  breweries,  which,  in  addition 
to  supplying  the  local  trade,  are  beginning  'o  bottle 
and  ship  their  product.  The  city  has  the  usual  com- 
plement of  manufacturers  and  repairers,  such  as  car- 
penters, blacksmiths,  tinsmiths,  etc.,  but  it  is  reach- 
ing out  for  larger  enterprises  ana  more  of  them. 
There  is  no  other  city  in  the  country  of  the  age  of 
Vancouver  that  can  show  the  variety  and  volume  of 
manufacturing  that  it  can.  If  it  had  been  established 
thirty  or  forty  years,  and  the  region  around  the  town 
were  thoroughly  developed,  its  list  of  manufactories 
would  not  have  special  significance,  liut  it  should 
not  be  forgotten  that  the  city  is  the  result  of  but  three 
years  growth,  and  that  the  country  surrounding  it  is 
just  beginning  to  yield  its  resources.     The  manufac- 


r™fe'' 


iO 


THE  WEST  8H0BE. 


■^i 


s^ri 


tared  output  of  Vancouver  ia  now  of  great  importance 
to  the  whole  province,  and  what  it  will  be  a  few  years 
hence,  at  its  present  rate  of  advancement,  ia  very  grat- 
ifying to  contemplate. 

With  its  saw  milU,  car  shops,  foundries,  machine 
shops,  carriage  works,  planing  mills,  sash  and  door 
factories,  furniture  factory,  lime  kiln  and  smelter, 
Vancouver  has  a  very  satisfactory  nucleus  about 
which  to  build  extensive  and  varied  manufacturing 
interests.  It  is  attracting  capital  to  those  interests 
and  supporting  a  large  portion  of  its  population  by 
them.  It  draws  to  the  city  a  class  of  skilled  artisans 
that  gives  it  a  substantial  political,  as  well  as  indus- 
trial, existence.  The  success  which  has  attended  the 
efforts  of  manufactarers  thus  far  is  one  of  the  best 
argumentf^  that  can  be  employed  to  induce  others  to 
locate  there. 

The  healthy  condition  of  its  manufacturing  inter- 
ests is  one  of  the  most  important  inHuences  that  con- 
tribute to  the  general  growth  of  Vancouver.  The 
mere  fact  that  it  is  an  important  transportation  point 
would  not  necessarily  secure  permanent  prominence, 
and  if  it  were  only  a  commercial  city  others  would 
grow  up  with  the  development  of  me  country,  and 
might  eclipse  it;  but  having  the  by  no  means  to  be 
despised  advantages  of  superior  transportation  facili- 
ties and  a  large  commerce,  the  building  up  of  exten- 
sive manufacturing  industries  intrenches  it  in  the 
loading  position  it  has  assumed  and  gives  it  an  Impe- 
tus for  farther  advancement  that  could  not  otherwise 
be  acquired.  The  effect  is  observed  in  all  lines  of 
business.  There  is  no  hesitation  for  fear  the  present 
prosperity  shall  prove  to  be  transitory,  no  distrust  of 
the  future.  The  city  does  not  feed  upon  the  tiibuta- 
ry  country  without  giving  any  return  benefit,  but  it 
rather  heoom  s  an  active  agent  in  promoting  the 
growth  of  the  entire  region  by  utilizing  the  forces 
that  would  otherwise  remain  dormant 

The  manufactories  ot  Vancouver  are  on  both  Cur- 
rard  inlet  and  False  creek,  where  there  is  ample  water 
front  and  at  the  same  time  direct  railway  communi- 
cation. The  railway  extends  across  the  city  and  rune 
along  both  water  fronts.  Across  the  inlet  is  Moody- 
ville,  only  three  miles  away,  where  one  of  the  largest 
saw  mills  in  the  province  is  located.  At  the  head  of 
the  inlet  is  Port  Moody,  another  saw  mill  town.  On 
the  south  side  of  False  creek  are  choice  sites  that  are 
being  improved  for  factories.  There  is  on  every  side 
a  warm  welcome  for  such  institutions,  and  special  in- 
ducements in  variouR  ways  are  offered  for  the  invest- 
ment of  capita!  iu  manufacturing.  Aside  from  the 
ordinary  busirjess  advantages  that  exist,  suitable  bo- 
nuses of  cash,  free  building  sites,  or  otherwise,  are 
volunteered  by  the  business  men. 

'ihd  large  area  which  the  city  already  covers,  and 


the  considerable  distance  in  many  cases  between  resi- 
dences and  offices,  shops  or  factories,  render  desirable 
facilities  foir  conveying  people  between  those  points. 
This  need  has  led  to  the  organization  of  a  street  rail- 
way company,  which  has  obtained  a  franchise  on  sev- 
eral of  the  principal  streets  and  is  bound  to  build  and 
equip  for  operating  this  year  between  three  and  four 
miles,  traversing  the  city  so  as  to  accommodate  as 
great  a  number  as  possible.  This  road  will  be  rap- 
idly extended  so  as  to  compass  the  whole  city. 
Whether  it  will  be  operated  by  horses,  electricity  or 
steam,  is  not  yet  detb/minnd.  It  is  not  '^c  build 
through  a  barren  suburb  to  assist  in  selling  real  es- 
tate, but  through  thickly  populated  districts,  and  it  is 
one  of  tb:  many  evidences  of  the  substantial  charac- 
ter of  the  city. 

An  important  feature  of  the  industrial  situation 
fit  Vancouver  is  the  protection  which  is  afforded  by 
the  Canadian  tariff  laws.  The  duties  imposed  on  for- 
eign importations  effectually  exclude  the  competition, 
from  older  settled  and  better  developed  Be»>iionb  of 
the  Pacific  slope,  and  the  cost  of  transportation  from 
the  east  is  great,  so  the  markets  of  the  entire  province  at 
least  are  at  the  disposal  of  Vancouver  manufacturers, 
and  that  is  no  small  consideration.  Then  the  excep- 
tionally good  means  for  reaching  all  parts  of  the 
world  by  water  and  land  transportation  lines  places 
an  unlimited  market  befoi^  them.  The  variety  and 
richness  of  tributary  resources  and  the  commanding 
geographical  position  which  the  city  occupies  add  fea- 
tures that  make  this  an  unrivaled  location  for  most 
kinds  of  manufacturing. 

The  position  which  Vancouver  occupies,  being  the 
gateway  through  which  western  exports  and  imports 
for  the  whole  dominion  must  pass,  and  commanding 
the  patronage  of  a  naturally  rich  province  that  is  fast 
being  developed,  gives  it  extraordinary  advantages. 
To  say  th<*t  it  :'s  profiting  by  these  advantages  is  but 
to  indicate  that  th>i  people  are  intelligent  and  enter- 
prising, and  able  to  utilize  the  materials  lying  around 
them.  More  outside  capital  is  now  being  '.n vested  in 
Vancouver,  and  all  kinds  of  business  are  experiencing 
more  activity,  than  ever  before.  Even  in  view  of  the 
almost  phenomenal  growth  that  has  already  occurred 
in  that  city,  it  is  entirely  safe  to  say  the  advancement 
this  year  will  far  exceed  its  past  record. 

The  tourist,  who  has  passed  through  the  grand 
canyons  and  by  the  snowy  crests  and  glaciers  of  tho 
Rocky  mountains,  and  has  been  whirled  through  tlie 
picturesque  scenes  of  the  Selkirk  and  Gold  mountains 
and  the  canyons  of  Thompson  and  Fraser  rivers,  will 
find  Vancouver  a  most  delightful  place  in  which  to 
spend  a  few  days  to  recover  from  the  fatigue  of  his 
long  journey.  Splendid  accommodations  render  s 
Bojotirn  there  moat  delight/ul. 


f  ^,..":«^u^"lW!l(JlWWt|iW»^w*^w.ii 


,^smi^^i^:*«:!ii^M*ii^i^^J:>l 


&t^!')'U-^*'  -^^ 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


41 


ptween  reai- 
r  desirable 
boae  points, 
street  rail- 
iise  on  sev- 
•  build  and 
I  and  four 
nmodate  as 
''ill  be  rap- 
vhole  city. 
Ileotricity  or 
U  *o  build 
ling  real  es- 
Its,  and  it  is 
ftial  charac- 

1  situation 
aflForc'ed  by 
osed  on  for- 
sompetitio". 
sei^lione.  of 
tation  from 
province  at 
lufacturers, 
1  the  excep. 
arts  of  the 
lines  places 
'variety  and 
}mmanding 
ies  add  fea- 
>a  for  most 

i,  being  the 
nd  imports 
mmanding 
that  is  fast 
dvantages. 
kges  is  but 
and  enter- 
Dg  around 
ivested  in 
)eriencing 
ew  of  the 
occurred 
ancement 

he  grand 
;r8  of  tho 
ough  tLe 
lountiina 
fers,  will 
which  to 
ne  of  hig 
ender  a 


K  ^  m:  L  O  O  T  » s , 


MBTROPOLIS  OF  THPl  INTERIOR. 


MONO   the   most  prosperous 
towns  of  British  Columbia  is 
Kamloops,  centrally  located 
in  tne  interior  of  the  prov- 
ince, and  situated  at  the 
forks  of  Thompson  liver, 
on  the    Canadian   Pacific 
railway,  two  hundred  e^nd 
fifty  miles  from  the  coast.     It 
is  also  one  of  the  oldest  towns 
in  the  province,  the  old  North- 
T-est  Company  having  fc.*^"*b- 
lished  a  trading  post  i  here  as 
early  as  1815.     At  that  time 
the  post  was  between  the  two 
forks  of  the  river,  but  subse- 
qaently  it  moved  to  the  weflt  side  of  the  North  Thomp- 
Bin,  and  about  ISliii  to  its  present  location  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Bouth  Thompson,  directly  opposite 
where  the  other  branch  unites  with  it.    At  the  jcnc- 
^i-  :^  tion  of  the  two  ma'n  branches  of  one  of  the  largest 

j    '  tributaries  of  the  great  Fraser  river,  Kamloops  iXJCU- 

pied  a  favorable  position  to  command  the  trade  in 
furs  and  skins  which  that  region  afforded  in  the  early 
day;  and  now  that  the  country  is  being  occupied  by 
settlers  and  its  resources  gradually  being  developed, 
the  town  still  retains  the  points  cf  advantage  that  first 
brought  il  into  prominence. 

Kamloops  now  has  a  population  of  one  thousand, 
not  including  Indians,  of  whom  there  are  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  permanently  camped  between  the  forks 
of  the  Thompson,  where  a  reservation  is  set  aside  for 
them.  The  Indian  trade  of  that  region  is  an  item  of 
considerable  importance.  The  annual  rjurchases  of 
furs  and  skins  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  at  Kam- 
loops aggregate  about  $20  000  00.  A  bridge  crosses 
the  Bouth  Thompson,  furnishing  a  moans  for  reach- 
ing the  town  with  the  products  of  tho  reservation  and 
of  the  settlements  up  the  North  Thompson.  Besides 
the  rail  communication,  lines  of  boats  ply  regularly 
on  the  river  above  and  below  Kamloops,  and  a  large 
traffic  is  carried  on.  As  yet,  the  valley  of  the  North 
Thompson  is  not  sufficiently  settled  to  warrant  the 
operation  of  regular  lines  o*  steamers  up  that  stream, 
though  it  is  tho  larger  of  the  two  forks,  and  wagon 
roads  do  duty  in  bringing  out  the  surplus  products. 
Steamboats  have  ascended  that  branch  a  distance  of 


one  hundi'ed  and  twenty-five  miles,  however,  and  with 
the  development  now  being  wrought  in  that  direction 
there  will  soon  be  a  demand  for  transportation  that 
will  warrant  the  maintenance  of  regular  trHlVic  Hues. 
The.e  is  even  a  branch  of  tho  Canadian  Pacific  rail- 
Wiiy  projected  up  the  North  Thompson  river  to  tho 
Cariboo  mining  district,  that  being  the  most  direct 
route  to  those  mines. 

The  South  Thompson  and  the  Bhuswap  lak.'s  are 
navigable  for  steamers  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
above  Kamloops,  to  Bpal'nmsheen.  At  Biccamooso, 
seventy-five  miles  above  Kamloopo,  on  Bhuswap  lake, 
the  railway  leaves  the  river  and  lakes,  and  all  trallic 
for  the  country  above  that  point  depends  on  the  boat 
lines,  which  have  headquarters  in  Kamloops  and  con- 
sequently have  an  interest  iu  leading  trade  to  that 
center.  Bteamcrs  also  run  down  the  river,  below  the 
city,  through  Kamloops  Idko,  which  is  an  eulargomont 
of  Thompson  river  about  twenty  miles  long.  Stage 
lines  lead  to  di^jtiiots  in  the  interior,  the  most  impor- 
tant ones  being  the  Nicola  valley  some  thirty  miles  to 
tho  southwest.  Grand  Prairie  thirty-thre^  miles  south- 
east, the  Similkameen,  the  Okanogan  and  the  Osoyoos 
districts  extending  southward  some  two  hundred  miles, 
down  to  the  international  boundary.  These  districts 
are  now  chiefly  known  for  their  minerals,  but  some  of 
them  have  considerable  tracts  of  choice  agricultural 
and  grazing  lands.  The  Similkameen  valley,  in  par- 
ticular, is  an  unusually  attractive  farming  section,  the 
land  being  fertile  and  the  climate  delightful.  The 
Nicola  valley  is  also  a  farming  and  stock  raising  re- 
gion, as  is  Grand  Prairie;  but  all  of  these  bear  min- 
erals, and  their  mining  operations  are  widest  known. 
Large  numbers  of  cattle  are  annually  shipped  out  of 
the  country,  but  there  is  pasturage  for  many  more  an- 
imals than  are  now  raised,  the  lands  spf'oially  adapted 
to  sheep  husbandry  being  almost  entirely  unoccupied. 
Throughout  the  region  there  are  indications  of  marked 
activity  in  all  lines  of  industry.  Capital  is  being  in- 
vested in  the  mines,  and  machinery  for  their  develop- 
ment is  being  introduced.  Settlers  are  locating  in 
the  eligible  territory  and  making  it  pro<luotive.  The 
mines,  the  ranges  and  the  cultivable  arruo  an  feeling 
the  influence  of  the  tide  of  immigration  flowing  in 
from  the  east,  and  the  trading  centers  are  also  ex- 
periencing a  new  growth. 

While  Kamloops  bases  much  of  its  hope  for  fu- 


^i:^^^^^-'-^^ 


42 


THE  WEST  BZOBE. 


■'M 


•-ff. 


141^^'  ' 


.1       -■ 


tnro  greatness  on  the  central  position  vbich  it  ooon- 
pios  with  reference  to  a  large  extent  of  valuable  coun- 
try, it  is  not  relying  entirely  on  its  surroundings  to 
push  it  ahead.  The  town  occupies  a  pleasant  site,  as 
well  as  a  point  of  natural  advantage.  Previous  to  188.J, 
when  the  Canadian  Pacific  road  was  built  through 
thd  town,  communication  with  the  outside  world  was 
quite  difiicult,  and  consequently  growth  was  slow. 
The  local  steamboat  business  was  somewhat  interfered 
with,  too,  by  the  operation  of  the  railway,  and  a  read- 
justment of  transportation  matters  was  made  neces- 
sary. Business  has  now  become  accustomed  to  the 
new  order  of  things  ar-^  it  is  advancing  rapidly. 
What  is  known  as  the  old  town  consists  of  a  narrow 
strip  between  the  river  and  the  hills,  which  did  not 
allow  room  enough  for  the  expansion  that  was  inevita- 
ble, so  the  new  town  was  platted  on  a  plain  jast  east 
of  the  other.'  They  are  not  distinct  settlements,  as 
the  reader  might  infer,  but  are  one,  the  only  appreci- 
able difference  between  the  parts  being  that  the  east- 
ern portion  is  of  recent  growth  and  not  so  thickly 
built  up  as  the  old  streets.  In  the  older  section,  how- 
ever, the  old,  unsightly  structures  are  being  replaced 
with  new  ones,  giving  it  a  bright  and  enterprising  ap- 
pearance. 

The  business  of  the  town  is  important,  as  has  al- 
ready been  indicated.  Its  mercantile  trade  with  the 
Burrou.iding  rnnches  and  mining  camps  is  a  source  of 
considerable  profit.  It  has  a  large  grist  mill  and  a 
saw  mill,  that  do  a  good  business.  Timber  is  rafted 
from  Bhuswnp  lake.  A  briok  kiln  is  soon  to  be  put 
in  operation  near  ";o  town. 

At  Kamloops  a  good  public  school  for  girls  and 
one  frr  boys  are  maintained,  and  an  Indiar  school 
to  cost  about  818,000.00  is  soon  to  be  erected.  The 
Episcopalian,  Presbyterian,  Methodist  and  Roman 
Catholic  congregations  h'-.ve  neat  and  commodious 
edifices,  and  the  last  also  has  a  convent  there.  The 
government  has  an  Indian  agency  at  Kamloops,  and 
there  are  also  a  provincial  jail,  a  public  hospital,  five 
hotels,  a  branch  house  of  the  Bank  of  British  Colum- 
bia, and  one  of  the  best  newspapers  in  the  province, 
the  luhuul  Scniiiu-l.  The  town  has  a  good  water 
works  system,  and  more  graded  streets  and  sidewalks 
than  many  more  pretentious  bargs. 

In  tho  neighborhood  of  Kamloops  there  are  min- 
eral lodes  of  importance,  including  mica,  iron,  copper 
and  silver.  A  fine  quality  of  red  granite,  and  mar- 
ble, and  extensive  coal  measures  also  exist  The  cli- 
mate is  dry  and  not  very  severe.  In  winter  sleighing 
lasts  only  a  week  01  ten  days,  and  there  are  a  few  days 
when  mercury  goes  below  zero.  As  the  principal 
town  in  the  Thompson  river  valley,  and  with  such  a 
wide  extent  of  valuable  country  tributary  to  it,  Kam- 
loops can  not  Call  to  have  a  most  gratifying  growth. 


THE  TOWN  OF  ASHOBOPT. 


ASHCROF I  is  one  of  the  mos*:  important  stations 
on  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
railway,  and  is  located  on  the  south  bank  of  the 
Thompson  river,  near  its  junction  with  the  Bonaparte. 
Its  great  importance  as  a  shipping  point  lies  in  the 
fact  that  it  is  the  trading  post  for  the  Cariboo,  Clin- 
ton and  Lillooet  districts,  in  the  northern  interior  of 
the  province,  and  the  point  where  all  travel  to  those 
sections  leaves  the  railroad.  Large  quantities  of 
freight  are  taken  into  those  districts  in  trains  drawn 
by  oxen  or  mules.  Some  of  the  ranches  are  reached 
only  by  trails,  all  freight  to  them  having  tj  be  trans- 
ported by  means  of  pack  mules.  The  first  post  in- 
land from  Ashcroft  is  Cache  creek,  on'y  six  mi)°% 
distant.  Clinton  is  thirty-two  miles  in  the  interior, 
Lillooet  fifty-two  miles  from  Ashcroft,  and  Barker- 
ville,  which  is  in  the  heurt  of  tho  Cariboo  country  and 
the  chief  town  of  that  region,  is  two  hundred  and 
eighty-five  miles  from  the  railroad.  The  materials 
and  implements  for  working  the  mines,  as  well  as  the 
supplies  for  the  men  employed,  are  taken  from  Ash- 
croft where  most  of  the  trading  is  done.  Many  mil- 
lions of  gold  from  the  placers  of  that  region  have 
passed  out  to  market  through  Ashcroft,  and  the  ex- 
press company,  whose  stages  afford  the  only  regular 
communication  to  that  upper  country,  does  a  heavy 
business  th  ^re. 

Ashcroi't  has  about  five  hundred  inhabitants,  many 
of  whom  are  engaged  in  stock  raising  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  town,  which  has  grown  up  since  the  railway  was 
constructed  through  that  country  in  188;j.  Sufficient 
grain  for  home  consumption  is  raised  in  the  valley, 
and  there  is  a  large  grist  mill  in  operation  at  the 
junction  of  the  Bonaparte  and  Thompson  rivers,  where 
steamboats  plying  up  the  Thompson  have  a  landing. 
The  British  Columbia  express  company  has  its  head- 
quarters in  the  town,  and  iis  stages  leave  once  each 
week  for  Barkorville  and  three  times  a  week  for  Clin- 
ton, where  connections  ere  made  for  Lillooet.  Three 
good  hotels  afford  ample  accommodation  for  travel- 
ers. There  are  a  number  of  large  mercantile  estab- 
lishments which  have  a  thriving  business,  public 
school  and  church  acoommodatione,  and  other  ad- 
juncts of  a  flourishing  town.  B asides  being  tha  trad- 
ing point  for  the  mireE,  there  are  man'^  trnota  oi 
farming  and  grazing  lands  in  the  tributary  valleyfe. 
that  are  lending  Ashcroft  an  additional  stability,  aud 
as  the  country  is  fast  being  improved  the  town  has 
prospects  of  even  better  prosperity  than  it  has  here- 
tofore enjoyed.  As  the  country  settles  up  it  will  be 
the  business  center  of  a  large  population,  for  its  cen- 
tral location  by  tho  natural  routes  of  travel  must  al- 
ways maintain  it  as  the  chief  town  of  that  region. 


.'-> 


I  stations 
Pacific 
of  the 
luaparte. 
Is  in  the 
0,  Clin- 
Jterior  of 
I  to  those 
pities  of 
Is  drawn 
I reached 
pe  trans- 
(post  in- 
Px  mil°s 


.^'l    > 


'N^NAl/^o-SC- 


Sjlfel";'''"M 


IM 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


u 

CQ 


I 


'i('' 


R^ND    BROS., 


REAL  ESTATE  BROKERS, 


HEAD  OFFICE- V  .ncouver,  B.  C.     Branch 

Offices— New  Westminster,  B.  C, 

and  107  Cannon  Street, 

London,  Eng-land. 

Deal  in  British  Columbia  Se- 
curities and  Real  Estate 
in  all  parts  of  the 
Province. 


VANCOUVER  rROPERTY, 

TIMIJER  L 


COAL  LANDS,  Ei'C. 


DO  NOT  FORGET  THE  NAME, 


RAND  BROS.,  Real  Estate  Brokers. 


iMiiii 


THE  WEST  8H0KE. 


A  RAJIB  OHAITCE 

FOR    IIST^^ESTORS. 

British  Columbia,  with  its  manifold  resources,  offers 

better  inducements  to  investors  than  any  other 

section  of  the  Pacific  Northwest. 


VICTORIA, 

The  Capital  and  Commercial  Emporium  of  this  grand 
country,  is  the  safest  place  to  invest. 


F.  G-.  Richards,  Jr. 


51  YATES  STREET,  VICTORIA,  B.  C, 


Is  the  Leading  Real  Estate  and  Financial  Agent  in 
Victoria.    Correspondence  Solicited. 


H-.- 


Mr.  Richards  is  also  a  Notary  Public  and   Conveyancer,  does  a  General  Fire,  Life 
and  Accident  Insurance  Business,   undertakes  Surveys  and  prepares  Maps  and  Plans. 


JriL>iiSi:3iiibt;.      .*  i,  j 


I^JH^^M 


'^m^mMMk^. 


IE 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


)£fers 
ler 


ROSS  &  CEPB^j. 


V^NCOUVKK,   B.   C. 


, 


rrand 


at  in 


VANCOT'Vf'R  iR  nnw  the  iicknowIeilKed  commenial  nietnijKjliB  of  the  North  I'arific — the  meeting  place  of  the  Occiilent  and 
Orient.  Her  future  is  aPHured.  Investments  are  ABSOI'TKI.V  SAKK  ami  Rure  to  bring  t;oo<l  returns.  NO  INI'T.ATION,  NO 
BOOM.  We  have  acre  tracts  within  the  city  limits,  not  three  miles  from  the  post  office,  at  from  1150.00  to  fliOO.OO  jM-r  acre. 
iSuVmrban  lots  r)Oxll.'L' feet,  aHi7'>. 00  to  $100.00  each.  Lots  L'.'ixlL'O  feet,  two  blocks  from  the  business  center,  at  from  f'W. 00  to 
100.00  per  front  foot,  and  the 


Clioicd  Biiiess  Corners  on  Cordoia,  Hastings  and  Granville  Ste 


•? 


e,  Life 
ns. 


At  $200.00  and  $300.00  per  front  foot.  Tliefie  prices  tell  the'r  own  story,  viz. :  That  i)roperty  is  sold  in  Van(;ouver  at  what  it  is 
worth  lo-day.  We  have  also  Canadian  Pacific  liailway  Company's  proi)erty  at  the  same  iirice  anil  terms  as  sold  by  the  i:om- 
pany.  We  make  investments  for  non-residents  carefully  an<l  conscienciously,  anil  take  pleasure  in  furnishing  oiir  MAI'.S,  KOLD- 
ERS  AND  I'HICK  I.I.nIS  to  all  who  may  impiire.  We  represent  the  leading  CANADIAN,  AMKKICAN  and  ENOMSH  KIHK 
IN.^^UKANCE  COMl'ANIICS.  Our  hirge  and  commodious  oflice  is  centrally  located,  next  door  to  the  jxist  odice,  and  we  cordially 
invite  strangers  visiting  our  city  to  favor  us  with  a  cull. 

ROSS    6i^    CEPERLEY, 

Post  Ottice  Block,  VANCOUVER,  B.  O. 


■K'^mmastiKdmet. 


Mm 


l&ml&SAi^' 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


Fronting  on  Wharves  of  the  Oahfornia,  Puget  Sound  and  Fraser  River  Steamers,  and  Canadian 

Pacific  and  Esquimalt  and  Nanaimo  Railways. 


M 


■ni©  occidental, 

OOR,  WHARF  AND  JOHNSON  ST3„  VICTORIA,  B.  0,, 


WILLIAM  JENSEN, 


Proprietor. 


This  hotel  is  in  the  very  cecter  of  tlie  business  portion  of  the  city.  The  traveling  public  will  find  this  to 
be  the  most  convenient  as  well  as  the  most  comfortable  and  respectable  hotel  in  the  city.  Rates,  $1  00  to 
$1  50  per  day,  according  to  room.  Special  rates  by  the  week  or  month.  BAR  AND  BILLIARD  ROOM 
A  IT  ACHED.     Imported  Edinburgh  and  Barton  Ales  always  on  draught. 


MRS.  R.  MAYNARl), 


D 


lotograpliie  Artis 


1 1 1 


QUEEN'S  MARKET, 

Government  St ,  VICTORIA,  B.  O. 

LAWRENCirGOODACRE, 

WIIOLKKAI.K  AND  111  TAIL 

BUTCHER. 


AND  DKALKH  IN 


iiids  of  Ptiotompliic  Materials, 


Views  of  Victoria  and  British  Colum- 
bia, also  Alaska  and  the  Carvings 
of  the  West  Coast  Indians, 
on  hand  in  large  vari- 
ety and  for  sale  at 
REASONABLE  RATES. 


DOUGLAS  ST.,  VICTORIA,  B.  C. 


Ccntractor  by  appointint>iit  to  Her  Majesty's  Uoyal  Navy,  the 
Dominion  Government,  Etc. 

SHIPPIXG  SUPPuilTAT  I.OWHST  RATHS. 

POODLE  DOG  HOTEL! 

Only  First  Class  French   Hotel 
and  Restaurant  in  the  City. 

LOUIS  MARBOEUF,  Propr 

Yates  Street,  between  Government  and  Broad, 
VICTORIA,  B.  0. 


/-. 


"Ill  .1  lill,i||)IMaM1iWI|i 


lOanadian 


find  this  to 
ites,  $1  00  to 

lKD  koom 


KET, 


o. 


3RE, 

>yal  Navy,  the 

RATHS. 

fELT 

Hotel 
3ity. 

pr 

Id  Broad, 


.^ 


THE  WEST  8H0RE. 


BANK  OF  BRITISH  COLUMBIA, 


incorporated    by    l-{oyal    ClutrttT,     1  8(>*^. 


(IJIUI 


Mmm,  M\i 


C\^^ 


—  WITH    POWER    TO    INCUEASK.— 


mm. 


COURT  OF  DIRECTORS  : 


l«»IU:KT(iII,LKsriK,  YXl,  Clmirman, 

EDKN  fOIAILLK,  p:sQ  ,  Deputy  Chairman, 

JAMKS  ANI)KK>ON,  K.-(i  , 

HKNUY  KI).  UANSOM,  K.-Q., 

SIK  CIIAKLKS  TlII'l'KK,  Hart.,  (J.  C.  M.  O.,  0. 

THOMAS  Ci.  (UI.LK.si'IK, 

HUGH  HUGHES,  General  Manager. 


BRANCHES 

H\N  FUANCIHCO,  C'AL. 


rOHTKANI),  OUKGON. 


IN  liniTIMII  COM'MIIIA. 


VICTORIA,  VANCOUVKU,  NANAIMO, 

NEW  WESTMIN.VIEU,  KAMI.OOI'S. 


AGENTS — In  England,  National  I'rovincial  Bank  of  En^jland ;  North  anil  South  WhIch  Bunk,  Liverpool  ;  Hank  of  I.iverjvxil ; 
Manchenter  and  Liverjiool  District  Banking  Co  ,  hiiniteil,  Manchester.  In  Smlland,  BritiHli  Linen  Company  Hank.  In  Irrlnmt, 
Bank  of  Ireland.  Tn  Canada,  Neir  York  and  Chicago,  Bank  of  Montreal  and  their  agents.  In  India,  China,  Jajmn,  Atmlnilia 
and  Xeu'  Zealand,  Ch&rtereii  Hank  of  India,  Australia  and  China;  Eni^lish,  Scottish  utul  Australian  Chartered  Bank;  Bunk  of 
Australahia;  Commercial  Banking  Co.,  of  .Sydney  ;  Hong  Kong  and  Shangliai  lUiik. 

/D^"TELEGUAI'HIC  TRANSEERS  and  REMITFANCES  to  and  fiom  all  )ioint8  can  he  niaile  through  this  hank  at  current 
rates.     COELECTIOXS  carefully  attended  to  and  all  descriptions  of  hanking  husini'ss  tranHai't«d. 


bba 


-&-<■- 


9JSr-^ 


SHIP  WORK  A  SPECIALTY. 


Full  Lines  of  all  Plumbing,  Gas  and  Steam 

Goods  Kept  in  Stock. 


CORNER  FORT  AND  BROAD  STREETS, 


VICTORIA,  B.  C. 


.WBlmit^. 


mmMmmmmmMm:ii 


m^ft^hij*^^^ 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


I  I 


i  ,1 


'^ 


I'    " 
r? 


THE  CLARENCE 

HOTEL. 


CORNER  YATES  AND  DODflLAS  STS„ 


VICTORIA,  B.    C. 


Fireproof  Brick  Building  in  the 
Center  of  the  City. 


W.  C.  ANDERSON,  Proprietor. 


This  Hotel  is  New  and  Elegantly  Furnished  through- 
out, and  is  First  Class  in  Every  Respect. 


THE  OUISINE  is  under  the  perBonal  sapervision  of  the  proprietor.  The  Hotel  is  the  finest  situated  in 
town,  being  built  on  rising  ground  and  having  a  most  perfect  system  of  drainage.  A  splendid  view  can  be 
had  of  all  the  surrounding  country,  including  the  Olympian  range,  Mount  Baker  and  Straits  of  Faca,  from 
every  window.    There  is  also  an  elevator  for  the  use  of  guests,  this  being 

The  Onlv  House  in  Britisli  Coluioliia  Havini  an  Elevator  in  Use. 


'I  <Hi<'iirB<ffpi|^p 


tfli     ^fw 


THE  WEST  SHORE 


E 


O., 


;lie 


ug-h- 


nated  in 
7  can  be 
Ja,  from 


'se. 


j'^^ 


GARESCHE,  GREEN  k  CO.,  BANKERS, 

VIC'IOKIA,    H.    C. 

A  General  Banking  Business  Transacted.    Deposits  Received  and  Interest  Al- 
lowed.   Collections  Promptly  Made. 


B9'Drsft8  iasned  on  the  principal  cities  in  Canada  and  the  United  States  and  on  Hong  Kong;  also  on 
London,  available  in  all  parts  of  Europe. 

AGENTS  FOR  WELLS,  FARGO  C<  COMPANY'S  EXI»RESS. 

Sole  Agents  tor  the  Pollowino'      ^  '*'''  ^'"''^'' '"  """^ '''"""'  '^'  "'"'^''-    ^ ''''"'' ''™'  ^*'^^ '" """  "'"'^'- 


w 


iLHOT 


i 


Ji 


Deoker  Bro«.,  Knabe,  J.  &  ('.  Fischer.  H.  UeiDtzman,  and  EaveetufT. 

ona^isrs, 

Eats7,  Shoninger,  Bmith,  Dominiun,  an<l  Uzbridge. 


Best  $1.00  a  Day  House 

in  British  Columbia. 


JOHNSON  ST.,  VICTORIA,  B.  C. 


Pianos  and  Organs  Sold  on  Time,  Payments  to  Suit  Ciistumers. 

The  largest  importers  of  Brafw,  Hee<l  and  Htrioged  loHtminnntB,  etc. 


Board  und  LodKing,  per  week ITlIX)  and  |(1.00 

Hoard ,  per  week 4.00 

Meals .86 

Beds .88 


SHEET   MUSIC  AND   MU.SIC    HOOKS.      Instrumenta  of  all  kinds 
tane<l  and  repaired. 

M.  AV.  A\r^ITT  &  CO., 

»4  (ioTernment  Street,  VK'TOUIA,  H.  C. 


Tlie  Very  Best  of  Wines.  Li(jiiors  and  Cigars  at  tlie  Bar. 


Kvery  reasonatile  thiiiu  dono  to  iiiako  oiir  giiOHt«  feel  at  eaHo. 
We  are  litiinaii  and  liable  to  iriintakeR,  but  will  remedy  any 
Heeining  fault  as  i|ui(l'  t..  possible.  I  have  hottest  lii-lp  whuiii 
you  can  trust,  and  I  .  (■  Veen  thirty  years  in  or  near  Victoria 
I  am  in  a  ()OBition  to  give  reliable  information. 


THOS.  TUGWELL,  Proprietor. 


ipu 


?rw' 


i*r< 


i^iva*-'. 


^M 


It 


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m.ai^^^' 


THE  WEST  HHORE. 


HOLLAND  ii  BALL. 


BUY     YOTTB 


ii;.w 


(llllIU 


RBAL  E8TATB, 


s 


0  II 


s 


I 


K 


ARGYLE  HOUSE, 


Appraiso,  IMin-liaiw,  Sell  luul  I^'iiKe  rroperty,  CoUrct  Uent<), 

NeKLtiatu  I.ounH  hihI  do  all  ViiiHlneRH  )H>rtiiin- 

iriK  to  Kfiil  Kft.it'(. 

ChnicR  inTo»tn»M)t»  in  rity  Property  ia  VniipouTor.  H.  ('..  nDil  Agrical- 
IutkI,  llriizii  K'inil  I'lirm  Cnmln  in  Hriti-li  CiiliiiiiliiH.    Aililnmii 

ItOLLAMl  A  IMI.I..  Kent   I'KlHtx   llrnkrril, 
ri-W)  S  44  Ciirilnvii  Hiricl,  VMiicmivBr.  H.  (". 


CLAKKNCK    lll.(H'li, 


83  DOUGLAS  STREET,  VICTORIA,  B.  0. 

WM.  O'REILLY  &  CO. 


Gl^O^B  Sorp 


N^N^IMO,    B.    C. 


First  Class  in  Every  Particular.     Head- 
quarters for  Coniinercial  Travelers. 

DONALD  I.  NICHOLSON  &  CO.,  Proprs. 


AKTHXJii    BULLOCK, 

THE  LEADING  DRY  GOODS  HOUSE, 

VlCTOKl^    CKESCENT,   INT^N^^IMO. 

Importer  of  acd  dealer  in  Dry  Goods,  Millinery,  Gents'  Furnishing  Goods,  Hals  and  Caps.     The  beet  and 
cheapest  place  to  laake  your  purchases. 

THE  LARGEST  STOCK  AND  THE  LOWEST  PRICES. 
ARTHUR    BULLOCK. 


J  v^ 


3E, 


A,  B.  0. 


) 


ead- 


>. 


prs. 


SE, 


he  best  and 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


sc^OOALl^s^ 


r  W  iiil  ^  ^^ 


Ni^N^^^^' 


B.    C, 


XT     oir^n   and  Southfleld  steam. 

Tl.e  well  known  ^-'^^''^°  ."^l  ^^,^  ^^  ,^s  cor.- 
,as  and  house  coals  are -ned  only  by   ^^^^^^ 

pany.   at    their   Esp^nade   an 
collieries,   near   the    port   oi 


^  tv,«  largest  deep  sea  vessels 
ocean  steamers  and  ^^  ^^^^^  ,,,,,  states  of 
load  at  the  company  s  wharves 

tC.  «e  «>d  receiv,  prompt  a^spatch. 


-^TWTj'-sra*^ 


lj|»IIIIHI—.l|)lj| 


m^ 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


E.  G.  PRIOR  &  CO., 


i>iuk<;t  'mi'oktkks  ok 


III,  W,  lliiriliired  ifrieuilural  Macliinery. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  THE  CHATHAM  WAGON. 

CAUSES-  The  Best  Seasoned  Timber,  First  CIbbb  Mechanics,  Finest  Machinery.    EFFECT— The  Wagon 

that  leads  the  trade  wherever  sold. 


The  Stronirest  and  Easiest  Runnino;  WaQ;on  Made. 

Adopted  by  the  Dcminion  Government  as  the  "  Standard  Wagon." 


—  soIjK  aoknt   for- 

D.  M.  Osborne  &  Go's  Harvesting  Machinery     Frost  &  Wood'ti  Daisy  Keapers,  Backeye  Mowers,  Steel  and 

Iron  Plows.      Chatham  Mfg.  Co.'r  Patent  Climax  Iruss  Rod  Axle  Wagoo.      N'xon  Bros'. 

Drill  and  Broadcast  Hfipdera.       8    L.  A'uen  &  Co  's  Planet  Jr.  Garden 

Drills.     Watson  Mfg.  Co.'s  D.^ering  Steel  Frame 

two-horse  Twine  Binders. 


A  MOST  COMPLLIE  STOCK  OF  BUILDERS'  HARDWARE  ALWAYS  ON  FAND. 

f^ciKl     lln-    C^atalojrues.      VICTORIA,    B.    C. 


A.  &  ^/7.  ^W^ILSON, 


Importers  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 


Gas  Fixtures  and  Plumbing  Material. 

Galvanized  and  Plain  Iron  Pipe  and  Fittings,  for 

Steam,  Gas  and  Water. 


INIJI^    IIUBBKR    HOSE. 

— —  ••■  ^        ■  

Best  Styles  of  Cooking  and  Heating  Stoves,  Gran- 
ite and  Agate  Ware. 

Portable  Glass  Shades,  Paper  and  Tin  Shades,  Gas  Reading  Lamps,  Wax  Tapers  and  Holders,  Fancy  and 
Plain  Wash  Basins,  Marble  Slabs.  Silver  I'lated  Cocks,  Bath  Tubs,  Etc.  Bell  Hanging  and  Tinsmithing. 
Gas  Fitting  and  Plumbing  carried  on  in  all  its  Branches. 

BROAD  sriiKiyp,  VICTORIA,  B.  C. 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


e  Wagon 

de. 

steel  and 


ND. 


t'-A 


rial 

,  for 


jran- 


Fancy  and 
insmithing. 


1^ 


\l 


^  I]Sr  JDQOB 
HOUSE. 

1 ,  Wiimished  Suites  of  Booms, 
Handsomely  ^F^^^Bhe^a  Booms. 

11.  DEMPSEYTPropr.,  Nanaimo,  B.  C. 
NOTARY  PUBLIC,  COSVEYANCKB, 

"  B  PIMBURY  &  CO 

^  MEDICAL  H^L^^' ^°^^,,,  ,,a,os  ANO  c"K>n('Ar  .''-.;;;  j\,,,,,,,,  „.,,■....> 

cUy.haBe«tanVmhed.tBrep«taton  or^  ,^^„eHB  ^„j      eaU>   .m,re*  ^^^^^^^^^^  ^,  ^''^.'^'f.m      We  have  the  largest 

,afuteratedn>edicineB   as  U    y     -^^^^^^^^  ,i,,„  the  P-~,lVof  thoBe  who  have  tr.ed  them.     We 

exeeed  those  of  any  fi'-^^-^'f^  ."^^  jncreaging  on  the  Bole  re«°'"'"*'."l''^,„j,ieB  in  the  city. 
:„e  Bales  of  wUich  are  — ^^^^  -^  t  M^edicineB  and  Urug.-  =  -.'^"-- 
aPBortment  ol  I'rugB,  1  <: 


W' 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


KNTAIII.ISH  K.n    imit. 


PIONBKR    MKW8    AGENCY. 


R^I^ER,   Rj^PER   &    CO., 

BOOKSELLEES  AND  STATIONERS, 

VICTORIA  CRESCENT,  NANAIMO,  B.  C. 

Musical  InBtrumentR,  Music  Books,  lilutik  Books,  Oeneral  Stationery,  Newspapers,  Periodicals,  Magazines,  Fancy  Goods,  Toys. 
The  only  Book  and  Stationery  Store  in  the  city ;  the  larj^eht  stoctk  and  most  complete  assortment. 


AQ-ENTS  KOIi:— Taylor's  Safes,  Dominion  Organs,  Decker  Bros'  and  Fischer's  Pianos,  Etc.,  Etc. 


RICHARDSON  &  HORNER, 

IMrORTKUH  OF  AND  DEALERS  hV 

Staple  ail  Fancy  Diy  Cools, 

OOMMEEOIAL  ST.,  NANAIMO,  B.  0. 

Millinery,    Mantles,   Ladles'    Underwear   and  Qents' 
Furnishinff  Ooods     Dressmaking  a  Specialty. 

R.  E.  SMITH, 


DBALEK  IN 


DRY  GOODS, 

EEADY-MADE  CLOTHING, 

Boots,  Shoes  and  Groceries, 


ALSO 


M.  P.  GORDON, 

Caiet  Mak  ani  l-iKlertalier. 

IMPOKTKR  AND  MANUFACTUBER  OF 

FURNITURE 

OF  EVERY  DESORIPTION 

PICTURE  FRAMING  A  SPECIALTY. 

KAMLOOPS.    R.    C. 

COSMOPOLITAN, 

KAMLOOPS,  B.  C, 

The  Old  Reliable  and  I^eading  Commercial  Hotel,  centrally 
situated  in  the  business  portion  of  the  town. 

A  fet-Ckss  House  in  Every  Respect. 

Large  and  Spacious  Dining  Uooms.    The  table  is  furnished 

with  the  best  the  market  afTords,  and  every  attention 

paid  to  guests.     The  best  brands  of   Liquors 

and  Cigars  always  on  band. 


The  Leading  Tailoring  and  Gents'  Furnishing 
Establishment  of  Kamloops, 

ALWAYS  CAHRYINO 

A  Full  Line  of  Suitings,  KngliBh,  Scotch  and  Canadian  Tweeds. 
Fit  and  Workmanship  Guaranteed. 


Free  Sample  Rooms  for  the  Accommodation 
of  Commercial  Travelers. 

First-class  stal  ling.    Ileadqiuirters  of  the  Spalltimcheen,  Okan- 
agan  Mission  and  Nirola  stage  lines.      Spallinncheen  and 
Okanagan  Mishion  stage  leaves  every  Tuefday  morn- 
ing and  arrives  every  Sunday  afternoon.     Nicola 
stage  leaves  every  Monday  morning  and  ar- 
rives every  Friday  evening. 


Main  Street,    -    Kamloops.       CANNELL  &  RATCHFORD,  Mngrs. 


''  t*^ 


Siljg'i^yF^^^^BSS 


SNcy. 


S, 


Toys. 


Itc. 


m. 


^  v  t 


THE  WEHT  HUUBK 


KAMLOOPS.  SICAMOUS. 

J.  A..  m:^r^. 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE, 


AVliolesjxle    and     FlcM ail. 

"~  R.  H.  LEE, 

ENGINEER  AND  ARCHITECT, 

KA^MLOOPS,    13.    C. 


Surveying  of  Lands  and  Mining  Claims  .1  specialty.    Ind  u  ination  given  i-egarding 
Mining  Interests  in  I3ritish  Col      nViia.    Correspondence  Solicited. 

,1.   E.   SAT J(    l  i:ii, 

WATCHMAKER,  JEWELEK  &  OPTICIAN, 

KAMLOOPS,   B.   C. 


All  repairs  guaranteed.     ChargeH  modenite.     Work  Bent  by  expreBS  or  registered  mall  prompt'v  !"•  iided  to.     A  fine  seloction  of 

Diamonds,  Watches,  Jewelry,  Clocks  and  I'laled  Ware,  all  of  the  hen'         .ity  and  at 

bottom  (iriceB.     FCIectriciaii — telephoiieH  for  wale. 

THE  A8HCK0FT  HOTEI.,    B.  C.  EXPRBSS  CO.,  Iil., 


BlilGH  &  LYNB,  Proprietors. 

First-Class  Accommodations. 


Freight  and  Passenger  Line  of  Stages  Carrying  Her 
Majesty's  Mails. 

ASIICROFT  TO  CARIBOO. 


Cariboo  and  Lillooet  stages  arrive  and  dpi)art  from  this  hotel.      Tourists  will  find  this  lino  passing  throiiKh  a  country  of  varied 
Feed  stable  connected.     Wines,  Liquors  and  a,„i  Hul.lii>ie  Pcencry.     The  best  and  clior.pctHt  in<-ans  for 

Cigars  at  the  bar.  ii,o  tn-  iH|)ortation  of  freight  to  the  upixT  counto'- 


TfJ 


ASIICROFT. B.  O.       S.  TINQLEY,  Manager,    -     -    ASHCROFT,  B.  C. 


■  ^f'f^" 


!•#-■' 


'* 


5H' 


ft     "i 


I    '    t 

:  ■  < 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


NANAIMO^LAND  ^  OFFICE. 

HAWTHORNTHWAITE,  POTTS  &  CO. 

Real  Estate,  Comraission,  Insurance  and 

Shipping  Ag*ents. 

MeELMKN'S    BLOCK. 


i<;H'rAijr.i8JiKi:)    iwrr.. 


VANCOUYER  PURmURE  WAREHOUSE 

.TOHN    HILBERT, 

Importer  of  nnd  Dealer  In 

House  Furnishing  Goods,  Furniture,  Etc. 

AGENT  FOE  THE  GENUINE  SINGER  SEWING  MACHINE. 
XJNI3ERTA^T<:iI>^G     I:N^    ^I;L     its    BIiA.NCtIES. 


1 


The  AltiiPrul  llMtlin  of  THK  UAKKIAON  HOT  SPKINON  eudors- 
flfl  by  h11  th<)  I.endliifj;  FliyHlclHrm  in  the  Country. 


Will  Be  Issued  January,  1890. 


AN  ISLAND  DIRECTORY 


THE  BADEN  BADEN  OF  AMERICA. 


ANALYSIS 


Mude  for  ProfeBSor  Selwin,  Pirector  of  CJeological  and  Natural 
History  survey  of  Canada. 

Sulphur  8pr. 

Toiupornturfl  of  Spring ITiO  K. 

HpiMitiiOrnvily  ICIUl.ia  (BO  F.) 

Uriiinn  pur  Imp.  xiillon  iit60F.— 

(Mllniuio  of  I'nIHHHilHIt 1,722 

do  Hoilium 81.2«» 

ilo  Lithium nndl. 

Sulphate  of  H.k1b 38.(181 

ifo  MngnentH .147 

ilo  l.imi- 14.M0 

ilo  Htrontis undl. 

I'urbonsU)  of  liime 4.H47 

do  Iron vory  siuall. 

Alumina trari'. 

Bilica 4.fi34 


'^^  i  Ifidoria  anl  laoaiiiio  Cities, 


Potnnh  Hpr. 
lailF 

imi.ou  (BO  F.) 

1.414 

28.8I» 
undl. 
28.740 
.1B8 
16.729 
undl. 

2..^62 

vflry  t'Uiall. 

trace. 

4.1(12 

gu.()48  m.M) 

I  have  the  honor  to  lip,  sir,  your  obedient  aerrant,  (i,  CU&8.  HUFF- 
MAN, Chemiat  and  Mimiralogiat  to  the  Survey, 


Tho  most  wtluhriouii  part  of  Hritish  Columbin,  Abdolutely  fre<>  from 
Mahiria,  Tln»*»«  eivrings  aro  warrrintpd  ti)  cur«  Venereal,  Skin.  Rheumatic 
anil  Himilar  diHiyiHos.  Very  beneiic.ial  to  Ladies  for  all  complaiuta,  while 
thoy  are  unrivnltMl  for  the  oom|)lexioii. 

I'rIvHte  .Swiiiiiulnii:,  Needle  and  Donrh  liallin. 
With  trained  nir         :i  oharije.    The TourintV  aud  Hunter's  Paradise.    The 
hiitne  of  tiame  (  iHh,     IhintiuK  Lixlges.    Fxperienoed  Uuidea,    Sttvim, 

t*ail  anil  llow  Ho.,  tor  Huest*.  Two  Hotels  with  tirat  class  accommtxla- 
lion!";  terms,  f\M  ,  fi.W  per  day.  Keduced  rates  from  all  Sound  and 
('i'a»t  puinlH.  i)nly  in  milee  from  VaneouvBr,  H,  ('.,  ,^  miles  from  Agassii 
Station,  I ',  1'.  Uy,,  where  comfortable  ataires  meet  all  trains.  Bend  for  fur- 
ther partioulan  to  UUU  WN  BUOB,,  UarriBOU  Hot  Bpriosa,  B.  C.        !)-89-« 


A  MAINLAND  DIRECTORY 


Vancouver  id  New  Westiiiiii  ter  Cities, 


In  Two  Volumes,  $1.25  Per  Volume, 


Containing  useful  I'rovinuiiil  and   Local   Information,  Street 

Directories,  Classified  Business  Directories  and 

Alphabetical  List  of  Names,  etc. 


^\\ 


R.  T.  WILLIAMS,  Publisher, 

liroad  and  Govt.  Sts,,  VICTORIA,  li,  C. 

THOMAS  DRAPBB,  Agent  and  Oompller, 


id 


:E 


trJ> 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


JAMES  MoINTOSH. 


.1.  A.  MARA, 


SHUSWAP  MILLING  COMPANY 


AND 


KAMLOOPS  WATER  WORKS  COMPANY. 


KAMr.OOP«.    H.    C, 


Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in  Rough  and  Dressed 

Lumber,  Shingles,  Etc. 


We  also  operate  a  Marlio  Wk  JIactiiiie  and  keep  on  liiiiid  Wi  Ibi 


'ici  mi'  ^j||(i^ 


KAMLOOPS  WATER  W0KK8  COMPANY. 

biupplying  the  town  of  KamloopB  with  water  puin|>e(l  from  tlio  Kamloupfl  river. 
JAMKS    McINTOSH. Mana«or. 


THE    GUEAT    TRANSCONTHSTP^NTAr.    ROUTE, 

THE  NOKTHEEN  PACIFIC  RAILKOAD! 


THE  DIRECT  ROUTE.       NO  DELAYS.       FAST  TRAINS. 


( 


Lowest  rate*  to  (Chicago  and  all  points  Ea«t.  Tickets  sold  to  all  prominent  points  throughoiii  tlio  Kast  and  Himtlinast.  To  Kastboiinil  I'aaaxtiKxni  i 
Be  careful  and  do  not  make  a  mistake,  but  be  sure  to  take  the  Northern  Panitio  Itailroail.  and  seo  that  jour  ticket  reails  via  Hi.  I'aul  or  Minmrnpolis,  Ut 
avoid  obanges  and  serious  delays  occasioaed  by  other  routes.  Through  Emigrant  Uleepiug  Cars  are  run  on  regular  express  trains  full  length  of  tlie  line. 
Berths  free.    Low  Ilates.    Quick  time. 

General  Office  of  the  Company,  No.  121  First  St.,  Portland,  Or. 

A..    U.    C'i-IAR.ijTON,    Asoistunt    (Jwnoriil    PasHennsor    AK«nl. 


'^H*  ■^Siit 


w 


^.  «* 


^ 


s?-  r 


»■** 


THE  WEST  SHORE. 


Central  Point,  Or. 

—  ■ .  •  •  ^ 

THli:    COMMERCIAL    CEISJ^TER 

-m-    OP  THE  aR3AT  -^^ 

FRUIT  GARDEN 

OK    JiOaXJE    KL^^EK    VALLEY. 


■••  ■•^ — 


PLAIN  FACTS 


FOB 


INTERESTED  INQUIRERS 


The  Soil  is  adapted  to  the  Cul- 

tiire  of  Fruit. 

Apples,  Peaches,   Pears,   Plums,   Cherries, 
Apricots,  Grapes  of  all  kinds,  Stra^AT- 
berries.  Blackberries,  Gooseber- 
ries, Etc.,   are  all  grown 

In  abuu.'ancp,  and  of  a  quality  unsurpassed  in  the  Union  for  size  and  tlavor,  and  are  grown  without  irriga- 
tion.    Land  in  from 

ONE  TO  FOETY  ACRE  PLATS 

On  easy  terms.     ftS^Ihe  low  prices  will  astonish  you.'tSfl    For  information  in  regard  to  property  address 

C.  MAG  RUDER,  W.  A.  OWEN,  WM.  C.  LEEVER, 

Cliairman  Board  of  Triigtees,  Dep.  U.  S.  Revenue  Collector,  •  Fruit  Grower, 

CIi::NTK^L    P*OII>^T,    OREGON. 


}' 


i 


/] 


>' 


'.•4V„  '(jlW*.-  '-^-I^kS-A 


1 


TICTOBIA  THIATRB   AMD  DMAKD  IlOTBt,  VICTOBt*,  B. 


THU  CLAMMCK,   VICIOWA,   B.   C. 


'^'•n-A.. 


f'^t 


r'-^^^-Fr^T-T-trr*^ 


-•««<M««MKilMIMIi4IHM||f| 


-M>». 


IM,-.    >■'■  A 


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».'«j..^y«-lSR&t«!;  'l*it<; 


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GB^BUALmFORMAnoiv, 


fpQ    n'LI'P   ri  A  pyp  A  T  TQT*   '^^*  proTiooe  niTen  s  wida  8el<i  among  iu  DDroerou*  retoaroea  of  minanla,  timbar,  fiabariaa,  (took  raiaiac 


ITIA  'FTJp  IWrTl^fT}  'I  be  law*  are  liberal  to  both  mining  companioa  and  individual  miaera.  There  ia  now  muob  sotiTilr  in  gold  and  ailvo 
ju^_JtsMBKBBaL&£l  <)<><>rti  miniDK,  and  a«Teral  important  worka,  with  a  Tie*  of  extracting  the  pnf'ooa  metala,  hSTa  baan  oommaneed  on 
both  mainland  and  VaiioonTer  ialand.    Coal  mining  ia  aUo  beinK  vigoroualy  proaeonted. 

Tfl  TTTP  r  TTl\/rRP'R.1\/r  A  W  1'°"'*"'*  "f*"' "'"""'"•''<■*''' '''"''•'~'i<"'8l"»  fi'- "Pf"**' cedar,  hemlock,  etc.— offer  an  inviting  proapeot. 
^^j^,^^£^5Ljyi^2J^s£iMLiBL^JB  A  oonatantly  growing  market  ia  already  opened  »p  eaat  of  the  Koukjr  mountains,  while  local  and  fonign  de- 
mand is  rapid!/  inoraaaing. 

TO  nPTTP    P'T^TTFP1\/r  ATir    '^''^  ■"'*'"''""' ™*">'*°<' ""■"'^  o''"'' xreat  inducements,  the  waters  being  alive  with  many  varietiea  ot  valoabl* 
,l£^^Jjy^S|^^^tS£li£Uj|i£L^^    'ood  fle^ii  >•  r^  almost  undistarbed  tor  commercial  pnrpoaes.    The  nnmeroua  baya  and  fiorda  afford  well  abaU 
Miretl  harbora,  while  the  facilities  fur  catching  and  cnring  bah  are  unequaled.    In  this  valuable  resource  there  is  plenty  of  room  for  profitable  investmsnt 
of  capita!, 
TCi  TTTP    ^TDOTT  Ti  A  T^PT)    ^  '^''"''^  extent  of  good  grazing  land  is  yet  available  in  the  interior  of  the  province  east  of  the  Cascads  mooii' 


METEOBOLOGIOAL  OBSERVATIONS  AT  NEW  WESTMINSTEB,  B.  C,  FOB  1888. 


Latitade  i.g  deg.  12  mm.  47  sec.  N,  Longitnde  123  deg.  SS  min.  19  sec.  W. 


Barometer  IS  feet  above  sea  level;  Thermometer  4  feet  above  ground. 


Mpximnm  barometer , . 
Minimum  barometer. . . 

Moan  temperatnre 

Above  ur  below  mean  . 
Mazimam  temperature 
Uinimnm  tempnratnre 

Sainfall  in  inches 

Above  or  below  maAn. . 

Oreateet  day's  fall 

Days  rain  or  anow  fall. . 

Bnow  in  inches 

Greatest  day's  tall 

Days  snow  (ell 


Cloudy  days  ovor  Si  covered,. 

Fair  days  ki  to  X  covered 

Clear  days  U  to 0  covered. .... 


Jannary. 


to. 70 
29  89 
279 
b4  » 
M.U 

2.0 

7.11 
bO.46 

1.45 
IK 
19  0 

9.0 

8 
20 

ft 

a 


February    March, 


ao.48 

29.57 
41  0 
A  4.6 
52.0 
Sl.O 

S.SD 
nl  82 

2.0i 
16 
14  0 
13.0 

2 
24 

5 

0 


80.33 
29.!M 
40.6 
A  0.6 
560 
25.0 

6  75 
A  0.07 

1.56 
14. 

1.5 

1.0 

2 
17 
10 

4 


April. 


80.81 
29  49 
49.7 
A  1.5 
67.0 
84  0 
8  78 
A  0.60 
0.S3 
18 
B. 


18 
12 
0 


May. 


80.07  • 

29.43 

58.4 
A4.1 

86.0 

46.0 
1.40 
V  l.Ol 
C  42 

.0 


8 
7 
16 


Jane. 


July. 


29.99 

80.20 

29.28 

29  64 

61.6 

634 

A83 

AO.S 

80.0 

900 

48.0 

48.0 

5.48 

1.47 

A  3.04 

B020 

1.08 

0.62 

14 

6 

16 

10 

10 

8 

4 

18 

August. 


30.10 

29.57 

864 

A8  3 

85.0 

•  58.0 

0.45 

Bl  58 

066 

8 


12 
8 
11 


Beptem. 


80.80 
29.57 
61.1 
A49 
82.0 
46.0 

1.78 
Bl.42 

0.21 

7 


9 
8 

18 


October. 


80.20 
29.44 

ta.i 

AS. 5 
73. 0 
84.0 
8.94 
A  3.83 
1.87 
17 


21 
6 
4 


Novem. 


80.80 

29.43 

48.9 

A  8.4 

52  0 

■250 

7.80 

A  0.10 

1.11 


28 
3 

4 


Decern. 


80.22 
29.89 
41.9 

A  7.4 
565 
25.0 
10.79 

A  1.81 
2.03 
19 


18 
6 
7 


TO  PPTTTT  nDOWPD^  An  immense  ama,  extending  through  fourteen  degrees  of  longitude  and  three  or  tour  degrees  of  latitude,  is  ad> 
JtJ[^j^2JU^Ju^^££S;ii22^!aBS  mirably  adapted  to  fruit  raising.  This  will  soon  become  a  most  important  industry,  aa  marketa  asa  opening  up 
in  every  direction,  except  south.  , 

TO  T'TTP  PAPl\/rPR  Seeking  a  desirable  and  profitable  field,  Britinh  Columbia  has  yet  mnoh  to  offer  him.  Oenerally  speaking,  govera> 
^■a^Ja&^i^^^SiiilBiMMaB  mciit  ;Bnd8  are  now  more  or  less  remote  from  present  centers  of  population.  Pre-emption  and  railway  landa  are  sold 
for  f  1.00  per  acre.  If  more  than  a  pre-emption  claim  of  160  acreu  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  and  320  east,  is  required  from  the  provincial  govern- 
ment, the  price  is  ^^.50  per  acre;  and  if  more  '..nan  80  acrea  from  the  Ksquimalt  &  Nanaimo  Railway  Company,  $S  00  per  acre  ia  charged. 

TO  'I'Up  l\/rAW  OP  PATVfTTV  f"® '<''■""' •y"'®™"' 'J"*'"'' ColumMa  is  most  attractive  and  satisfactory.  Not  only  is  tuition  effi- 
J^JL/^i^^^UL|^iXLAi^|,^^^^^^iJJ[£~~j[^  oient  and  absolutely  free,  but  neoeesary  school  buildings  are  erected  and  incidental  expenses  paid  by 
the  government.  Educational  facilities  are  within  reach  of  almost  every  settler  in  the  province,  as  fourteen  children  from  six  to  sixteen  yeara  of  ags 
are  all  that  is  required  to  oonslitute  a  school  district.  High  schools  are  eetablished  in  Victoria,  Now  Westminster  and  Nanaimo,  Vancouver  will  be 
the  t'^at  of  a  large  high  soho<il  in  the  near  future.    All  schools  are  strictly  non-sectarian. 

Tr\  T'TTP  TO  1 1  HT^T  1''>*i»"B°>'><'®°t<"><lo'>B''™'"B"*''"<B''l' through  the  monntalns  along  the  Unoeot  railway,  and  among  the  mnumenibl* 
;£^^^^^£^,^U[^^JSl££la  islands  of  the  Ueorgian  archipelago,  present  attractions  that  are  unsrupasaed  anywhere,  and  wbiob  ntb  rapidly  becom- 
ing famous  throughout  the  world.  The  invalid,  the  tourist,  the  artist,  the  sportsman  and  alpine  climber,  will  find  all  that  be  can  desire  in  a  country 
which,  in  the  words  of  the  Marquia  of  liome,  lata  Oovernor-Qeneral  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  "  postesses  scenes  of  pe'rfect  beauty  in  its  forast-Uden 
ooaat,  in  its  tranquil  giilfs,  and  amid  its  glorious  munntains." 


Mean  temperatnre  for  year,  50  deg.,  being  above  mrnn  '^.1  deg.  M»zimam  temperature,  90  deg.;  mmimum,  2  deg.  Rainfall.  61  29  Inohea;  above 
mean,  2.80.  I)«y8  min  fell  160;  abovn  mean,  9.  Buowfiill,  3t  .'i  iaohes.  Days  snow  fell,  11.  Cloudy  days,  196;  fair  day^,  83;  clear  dnys,  87.  January  3rd, 
ice,  navignli'm  doBnd;  8th,  skatinK  on  river;  13th,  Hloivhing;  lith,  first  blizz.^rd  known  hero;  thermometer  fell  from  40  deg.  to  2  Heg.  in  11  hours;  lath, 
hiKhest  Iwronieter  knowniiere,  3(1.70;  21'h,  river  opened,  February,  only  two  frost*,  6th  and  14th.  March  4th.  robins;  18th,  frogs;  20tn,  swallows.  April, 
river  rising  fast;  27th,  whlto  frost.  May,  aumrii  7th  and  20th.  June  17th,  highest  water,  Jnly  4th,  freshet  over.  October  11th  first  snow  on  mountains. 
Novum ber2'iud,  onthelia.    Uaoember  3nl,  blowflies;  4th,  worms  in  rain  gauge;  :!Oth  ice  up  river;  steamer  returned. 

A.  PEKLE,  Capt.  Canada  Meteorological  Harvice. 


WAGES    IN    BRITISH    COtiUMUIA. 


Htoneoiitters,  stonemasons  and  bricklayer f  4.00  to  t  5.00  per  day. 

Their  laborere 1.75to     2.01)       ;; 

Plasterers J-W'to     4..'10 

Carpenters  and  joinera... ?,¥r' 

Ship  carpenters  and  caulkers 4.flL  to 

Cabinet  makers  and  upholnterers 3.00 

Painters »-^]*» 

Hhoemakers •  f-'^to 

Tailors '250  to 

TmloroBflWi     .  ..•■ ••>  i w lo 

Bakers  (with  board  nnd  lodging) 65.00  permo. 


350 
5.00 

i.m 

3JX) 

3.a) 

1.50 


Wi' 


'■m 


ill: 


Butchers  (cntters) /75.00  to  100.00  per  mo. 

Slaughterers 75.00  " 

Cigar  makers  2.50to     4.00perday. 

Boys,  as  strippers,  etc 2.00  to     K.OO  per  wk. 

Printers 45  and  SOcts.  per  KHMems. 

Wagon  makers 3  60  to     4.00  per  day. 

Tinxmiths,  plumbers  and  gasfitters  ,....    3.50to     4.00       "       • 

Machinists,  moulders,  pattern  and  boiler  makers 

and  blacksmiths 4.00to     4.50       " 

Longsliori-men  SOots.  nn  honr. 

Female dfimestic servants -....  15.00 to  '25.00 per  mo. 


More  detailed  information  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  Mr,  John  Jossop.  Dominion  Immigration  Agent,  Victoria.  B.  C;  to  Mr.  John  Rprott, 
inrial  Immigration  Agei:t,  New  Westminster,  B.  C.;  to  Mr.  M.  Sutherland,  Dominion  Imr.  igration  Agent,  Vancouver,  B.  C;  or  to  Mr.  H.  C.  Beeton, 
it-Qeneral  for  the  Fr<)vince,  33  Finsbnry  Circus,  London,  England. 


Provincial 
Agent  ~ 


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